Table 3.
TAMs secreted molecules to enhance the properties of CSCs.
| TAM Type | Factor of TAM Production | Type of Cancer | Associated Signaling Pathway/Mechanism of TAMs on CSCs | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M2 | CCL2 | Breast cancer | β-catenin | [48] |
| CCL5 | Prostate cancer | β-catenin/STAT3 | [110] | |
| Glioblastoma | Not shown | [52] | ||
| CCL7 | Ovarian cancer | CCR3/MM9 1 | [111] | |
| CCL8 | Glioblastoma | CCR1/CCR5/ERK1/2 | [112] | |
| Gastric cancer | JAK1/STAT3 | [113] | ||
| CCL17 | Hepatocellular carcinoma | WNT/β-catenin | [114] | |
| CCL22 | Hepatocellular carcinoma | Not shown | [115] | |
| CXCL1 | Breast cancer | Not shown | [116] | |
| CXCL7 | Glioblastoma | Not shown | [73] | |
| CXCL8 | Breast cancer | CXCR2 | [117] | |
| IL-1β | Glioblastoma | p38 MAPK | [118] | |
| IL-6 | Glioblastoma | Not shown | [89] | |
| Ovarian cancer | WNT | [62] | ||
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | STAT3 | [119] | ||
| Breast cancer | STAT3 | [120] | ||
| IL-8 | Ovarian cancer | JAK2/STAT3 | [92] | |
| IL-10 | Ovarian cancer | WNT | [62] | |
| Non-small cell lung cancer | JAK1/STAT1/NF-κB/Notch1 | [121] | ||
| IL-18 | Gastric cancer | Not shown | [122] | |
| IL-35 | Breast cancer | Not shown | [123] | |
| TGF-β | Hepatocellular carcinoma | EMT | [124] | |
| Pancreatic cancer | TGF-β1/smad2/3 axis | [125] | ||
| Squamous cell carcinoma | NRF2 | [44] | ||
| Lung cancer | Not shown | [126] | ||
| Breast cancer | EMT | [127] | ||
| TNF-α | Clear cell renal cell carcinoma | NF-κB | [128] | |
| Chordoma | PI3K/AKT | [129] | ||
| EGF 1 | Breast cancer | EGFR/STAT3/Sox2 | [130] | |
| GPNMB 2 | Breast cancer | PI3K/AKT/mTOR & β-catenin/MAPKs/AMPK/Src | [131] | |
| PTN 3 | Lymphoma | PTPRZ1/β-catenin | [132] | |
| Glioblastoma | PTN-PTPRZ1 | [133] | ||
| IGF 4 | Thyroid cancer | PI3K/AKT/mTOR | [134] | |
| PDGF-BB 5 | Breast cancer | Not shown | [135] | |
| hCAP-18 | Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | Not shown | [136] | |
| S100A9 6 | Hepatocellular carcinoma | NF-κB | [137] | |
| HMGB1 7 | Non-small cell lung cancer | NF-κB | [138] | |
| MFG-E8 8 | Colorectal cancer | STAT3/Sonic Hedgehog | [139] | |
| extracellular vesicles | Pancreatic cancer | KLF3 | [140] | |
| M1 | IL-6 | Oral squamous cell carcinoma | JAK/STAT3 | [141] |
| IL-12 | Glioblastoma | Not shown | [142] | |
| TNF-α | Lung cancer | Not shown | [143] | |
| Oral cancer | Not shown | [144] |
1 Epidermal growth factor; 2 Glycoprotein nonmetastatic B; 3 Pleiotrophin; 4 Inslin-like growth factor; 5 Platelet-derived growth factor-BB; 6 Matrix metalloproteinase 9; 7 High mobility group box 1; 8 Milk-fat globule-epidermal growth factor-VIII.