Table 2.
Free Radical Scavenging/Neutralizing Activity of Ergothioneine
| Free radical and oxidants | System | References |
|---|---|---|
| ONOO− | Prevented peroxynitrite-dependent nitration of tyrosine and inactivation of α1-antiproteinase. | (6) |
| 1O2 | Prevented oxidation of BHMF. Scavenges singlet oxygen in vitro. | (31, 108) |
| O2•− | Prevented cell death induced by pyrogallol, a superoxide generator in HeLa cells. Scavenged superoxide and singlet oxygen in UV-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts. Reduced cytotoxicity of paraquat, a superoxide generating agent in ECs, and formed the hercynine and sulfonic acid derivative (ESO3H) in both cell-free systems when reacted with superoxide and also in ECs exposed to high glucose. | (98, 102, 114) |
| HOCl | ET protected α1-antiproteinase against inactivation by HOCl. | (132) |
| •OH | ET is a powerful scavenger of hydroxyl radicals and an inhibitor of iron or copper ion-dependent generation of •OH from hydrogen peroxide. | (2) |
1
O2, singlet oxygen; BHMF, 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl) furan; HOCl, hypochlorous acid; O2•−, superoxide; •OH, hydroxyl radical; ONOO−, peroxynitrite.