Table 2.

Studies that provide insight into music/sound and the meningeal/glymphatic system in humans. Overview of all studies that showcase the effect of music on the glymphatic system. Each study is broken down based on the overall purpose and the selected sample, design, and study outcomes.

Reference	Test Subjects	Research Methodology	Anatomical/Functional Outcomes
[30] Effect of music therapy on mood and social interaction among individuals with acute traumatic brain injury and stroke.	Disease Condition: TBI; Stroke Avg. Age: 59.89 yr N: 18 Sex: 33% M Duration: 10 wks	18 individuals with TBI or stroke were assigned to one of the following conditions: music therapy control Participants, families, and therapists rated their moods based on the Faces Scale. In addition, one or two supplemental music therapy activities were involved, such as playing instruments, singing, improvising, composing, listening, and performing. Participants assigned to the control group received all of the standard therapies that are components of the inpatient rehabilitation regimen. Sound: Simple pitched instruments, including percussion and melodic. Singing and listening were also incorporated. Different instruments were used based on each participant’s preference.	As a result of the study, they concluded that music therapy had a beneficial effect on the behavioral and social outcomes of the participants with stroke or TBI and showed trends in respect to mood. Furthermore, in the standard rehabilitation process, the effect allegedly facilitated participation. The difference amongst the two groups on the Faces Scale was F = 3.46 (p < 0.01).