Figure 3.

HIF-α involved in cancer progression. In the early stages of tumor growth, cells acquire distinctive hallmarks that promote cancer progression, such as sustaining proliferative signals, evasion growth suppression, reprogramming energy metabolism, and resistance to cell death, while in the final stages of tumor growth, hallmarks which are added include inflammation, avoiding immune destruction, and, finally, metastasis and angiogenesis. These features are regulated by different genes (lower part) that are activated or inhibited by different hypoxaMIRs, which are regulated positively and negatively by the transcription factor HIF1-α, which, in turn, increases the concentration of proteins as tumor progression increases.