Table 1.
Associations between restless leg syndrome, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, and pregnancy complications and outcomes in pregnant Omani women during the first trimester (n=305)
| Variable | Total N (%) | RLS | P-value N (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Yes (n=125) N (%) | No (n=180) N (%) | |||
| Age, mean±SD | 29.8±5.28 | 29.72±5.03 | 29.86±5.46 | 0.101 |
| BMI, mean±SD | 26.6±6.03 | |||
| Normal weight | 134 (43.9) | 61 (45.5) | 73 (54.5) | 0.154 |
| Overweight/obese | 171 (56.1) | 64 (37.4) | 107 (62.6) | |
| Family history of RLS | ||||
| Yes | 23 (7.5) | 14 (60.9) | 9 (39.1) | 0.044* |
| No | 202 (66.2) | 74 (36.6) | 128 (63.4) | |
| Unsure | 80 (26.2) | 37 (46.3) | 43 (53.7) | |
| Gravidity, mean±SD | 2.99±1.80 | 3.10±1.71 | 2.91±1.85 | |
| Primigravida | 72 (23.6) | 23 (31.9) | 49 (68.1) | 0.143 |
| Multigravida (2–5) | 208 (68.2) | 93 (44.7) | 115 (55.3) | |
| Grand multigravida (>5) | 25 (8.2) | 9 (36.0) | 16 (64.0) | |
| Parity, mean±SD | 1.64±1.51 | 1.70±1.42 | 1.59±1.58 | 0.127 |
| Education level | ||||
| Illiterate | 5 (1.6) | 1 (20.0) | 4 (80.0) | 0.516 |
| School level | 175 (57.4) | 70 (40.0) | 105 (60.0) | |
| College or higher | 125 (41.0) | 54 (43.2) | 71 (56.8) | |
| Personal history of RLS | ||||
| Yes | 59 (19.3) | 47 (79.7) | 12 (20.3) | <0.001* |
| No | 246 (80.7) | 78 (31.7) | 168 (68.3) | |
| Hyperemesis gravidarum | ||||
| Yes | 98 (32.1) | 46 (46.9) | 52 (53.1) | 0.092 |
| No | 207 (67.9) | 79 (38.2) | 128 (61.8) | |
| Previous history of GDM/DM | ||||
| Yes | 40 (13.1) | 14 (35.0) | 26 (65.0) | 0.409 |
| No | 265 (86.9) | 111 (41.9) | 154 (58.1) | |
| Previous history of PIH/HTN | ||||
| Yes | 10 (3.3) | 4 (40.0) | 6 (60.0) | 0.208 |
| No | 295 (96.7) | 121 (41.0) | 174 (59.0) | |
| Hemoglobin level, mean±SD | 10.72±1.03 | 10.70±1.00 | 10.73±1.06 | 0.686 |
| Gestational age at delivery | ||||
| Full term | 278 (91.1) | 111 (39.9) | 167 (60.1) | 0.229 |
| Preterm | 27 (8.9) | 14 (51.9) | 13 (48.1) | |
| Birthweight† | ||||
| Low | 22 (7.9) | 11 (50.0) | 11 (50.0) | 0.315 |
| Normal | 256 (92.1) | 100 (39.1) | 156 (60.9) | |
| Mode of delivery | ||||
| SVD | 257 (84.3) | 110 (42.8) | 147 (57.2) | 0.312 |
| Elective LSCS | 17 (5.6) | 5 (29.4) | 12 (70.6) | |
| Emergency LSCS | 31 (10.2) | 10 (32.3) | 21 (67.7) | |
*Statistically significant at P<0.05 using a Chi-squared or independent samples t-test, †Only full-term deliveries (n=278). RLS=Restless leg syndrome, SD=Standard deviation, BMI=Body mass index, DM=Diabetes mellitus, GDM=Gestational DM, PIH=Pregnancy-induced hypertension, HTN=Hypertension, SVD=Spontaneous vaginal delivery, LSCS=Lower-segment cesarean section