Table 2.

Representative pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines relevant to pro-tumoral and therapeutic trials for HNSCCs.

	Pro -Tumoral Activities	Therapeutic Trials
IL-6	Tumor progression (* 55)	67
	Enhanced production in poor prognosis of HNSCC (64)
	Enhanced production by CD34+ progenitor cells (65),
	by PB monocytes (66), by MDSCs (68) in HSCC patients
TGF-β	Promotion of EMT (58, 70, 74)
	Suppression of NK cells (71)
	Suppression of antigen-specific CTLs (72)
	Suppression of T cell proliferation (73)

* Numbers correspond to references in the text.