Table 1.
Papers evidencing c-fos expression in astrocytes. Arrows indicate ↑ increased expression or ↓ diminished expression under different stimulation models.
| Paper | Effect | Model | Approach | Methodology | Studied Area | Species |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [119] | ↑ After 1 h | Heat shock insult | In vivo | Immunohistochemical | Thalamus, hippocampus, corpus callosum, internal capsule, and fornix/fimbria | Rat |
| [121] | ↑ After 30 min | Mitogens and growth factor exposure | In vitro | Northern blot | Primary cultures of cortical astrocytes (In secondary cultures) |
Rat |
| [122] | ↑ After 30–60 min | Muscarinic and adrenergic agonist exposure | In vitro | Northern blot | Primary cultures of cortical astrocytes (In secondary cultures) |
Rat |
| [123] | -↑ After 30 min mRNA and 2 h protein -No change |
-Mitogen exposure -Depolarizing conditions |
In vitro | Northern blot and immunohistochemical | Primary cultures of neocortical astrocytes | Rat |
| [125] | ↑After 30 min | Damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs) | In vitro | Northern blot | Primary cultures of cortical astrocytes | Rat |
| [124] | ↑After 30 min | Endothelin exposure | In vitro | Northern blot | Rat astrocytoma C6 cells (C6-S and C6-V subclones) and primary cultures of cortical and striatal astrocytes | Rat/Mouse |
| [139] | ↑After 30–60 min | Scratch wound of culture astrocytes | In vitro | Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR | Primary cultures of cortical astrocytes | Rat |
| [131] | ↑0.5–2 h, peak at 1 h | Ischemic model (mineral oil) | In vitro | RT-PCR | Primary cultures of cortical astrocytes | Rat |
| [11] | ↑After 30 min | Proinflammatory factor exposure | In vitro | Northern blot and flow cytometry | Primary cultures of cortical astrocytes | Mouse |
| [132] | ↑After 15–60 min | Chemical hypoxia (0.5 mM cyanide for 1 h) | In vitro | Northern blot | RBA-2 type 2 astrocytes cell line | Rat |
| [130] | ↑ NA | Heat shock insult | In vitro | Western blot | Primary cultures of astrocytes | Mouse |
| [140] | ↑1 h, peak at 2 h | LPS administration | In vivo | Immunohistochemical | Hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus, posterior and anterior pituitary | Rat |
| [129] | ↑0.5–1 h, peak at 30 min | Adenovirus (Ad.βGal) exposure | In vitro | Northern blot | Primary cultures of cortical astrocytes | Mouse |
| [127] | ↑1 h | Proinflammatory factor exposure | In vitro | Northern blot | Primary cultures of astrocytes | Rat |
| [134] | ↑After 15–30 min, peak at 30 min | Glutamate stimulation in excitotoxic levels | In vitro | Northern blot and immunohistochemical | Primary cortical glial cell cultures | Rat |
| [141] | ↑After 1 h | Bradykinin exposure | In vitro | Western blot and RT-PCR | RBA-1 cell line | Rat |
| [126] | c-fos binding to mCFH promoter | NA | In vitro | Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and supershift assay | Astrocyte 2.1 (Ast 2.1) cell line and primary astrocytes, microglia and oligodendrocytes cultures |
Mouse |
| [142] | Nuclear translocation | Amitriptyline exposure | In vitro | Western blot and real-time PCR | Primary cultures of astrocytes | Rat |
| [143] | ↑After 1 h | Forskolin and IL-1 exposure | In vitro/ in vivo | Western blot and qPCR | Human cortical astrocytes/KO mouse | Human/ Mouse |
| [136] | ↓ After 1 h at low doses (0.5–1 μM) ↑After 1 h at high doses (5–10 μM) |
Fluoxetine exposure | In vitro | Western blot and RT-PCR | Primary cultures of astrocytes | Mouse |
| [137] | ↑ After 90 min | Viral vector injection and CNO administration | In vivo | Immunohistochemical | Hippocampus | Mouse |
| [3] | ↑ NA | Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) | In vivo | Immunolabeling-enabled three-dimensional imaging of solvent-cleared organs (iDISCO) and flow cytometry | TetTag-cFos reporter mice | Mouse |