Table 1.

Demographic data for study participants who underwent Pulmonary Function Testing (PFT). * All patients completed spirometry measures, and 21/22 cases completed lung capacity and DLCO measurements. Non-white cases identified as multiracial or “unknown” on the study questionnaire, while 9.1% of controls were Black/African American, 4.5% were Asian, and 18.2% identified as “other” or “unknown.” Non-parametric Mann–Whitney tests were performed for age, body surface area, and body mass index. Chi square tests were performed for variables including race/ethnicity and sex. Abbreviations: IQR: interquartile range, DLCO: diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide.

Pulmonary Function Testing Participants	Cases with WS	Controls	Significance
Number *	22	22
Age (median, IQR)	25.0, IQR: 24.3	28.0, IQR: 14.2	p = 0.2
Race/Ethnicity (% white)	90.9	68.2	p = 0.06
Sex (% male)	36.4	36.4	p > 0.999
Body surface area (median, IQR)	1.63, IQR: 0.5	1.84, IQR: 0.2	p = 0.01
Body mass index (median, IQR)	24.1, IQR: 10.4	25.7, IQR: 5.5	p = 0.5
Asthma	1	1	p > 0.999