Table 2.
Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showing the association of variables with hospital survival and with transplant-free survival.
| Variables | Hospital Survival | Transplant-Free Survival | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate | Multivariate | Univariate | Multivariate | |||||
| HR (95%CI) | p Value | HR (95%CI) | p Value | HR (95%CI) | p Value | HR (95%CI) | p Value | |
| Age | 0.99 (0.98–1.01) | 0.722 | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) | 0.931 | ||||
| Sex (female/male) | 1.08 (0.66–1.77) | 0.782 | 1.29 (0.82–2.03) | 0.027 | 1.54 (0.95–2.50) | 0.077 | ||
| MAP (mmHg) | ||||||||
| >70 vs. ≤70 | 0.81 (0.42–1.54) | 0.523 | 0.72 (0.39–1.32) | 0.288 | ||||
| Albumin (g/L) | ||||||||
| >30 vs. ≤30 | 1.76 (1.00–3.08) | 0.048 | 1.68 (0.99–2.87) | 0.057 | ||||
| Total bilirubin (µmol/L) | ||||||||
| >110 vs. ≤110 | 2.05 (1.26–3.36) | 0.004 | 2.24 (1.44–3.48) | <0.001 | ||||
| Serum sodium (mmol/L) | ||||||||
| >130 vs. ≤130 | 1.07 (0.66–1.74) | 0.79 | 0.89 (0.572–1.38) | 0.604 | ||||
| Prothrombin activity (%) | ||||||||
| >27 vs. ≤27 | 0.34 (0.22–0.55) | <0.001 | 0.44 (0.27–0.73) | 0.001 | 0.29 (0.18–0.45) | <0.001 | 0.41 (0.22–0.77) | 0.006 |
| Serum NH3 (µmol/L) | ||||||||
| >100 vs. ≤100 | 1.56 (0.96–2.51) | 0.071 | 1.71 (1.09–2.68) | 0.020 | ||||
| Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis | ||||||||
| Yes vs. no | 0.77 (0.37–1.62) | 0.492 | 0.77 (0.40–1.50) | 0.451 | ||||
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | ||||||||
| >60 vs. ≤60 | 1.11 (0.62–1.99) | 0.721 | 0.94 (0.56–1.58) | 0.821 | ||||
| HRS clinical pattern | ||||||||
| HRS-CKD vs. HRS-AKI | 0.52 (0.24–1.13) | 0.009 | 0.45 (0.202–1.023) | 0.056 | 0.55 (0.36–1.22) | 0.002 | 0.51 (0.26–0.98) | 0.045 |
| Gastrointestinal bleeding | ||||||||
| Yes vs. no | 1.27 (0.79–2.02) | 0.310 | 1.52 (0.98–2.34) | 0.039 | ||||
| Child–Pugh class | ||||||||
| C vs. B | 1.17 (0.58–2.35) | 0.0001 | 1.49 (0.83–2.68) | 0.045 | 1.31 (0.697–2.47) | 0.0801 | ||
| MELD–Na score | ||||||||
| 21–30 vs. ≤20 | 1.45 (0.69–3.05) | 0.033 | 1.67 (0.87–3.19) | 0.001 | 1.78 (0.92–3.44) | 0.078 | ||
| >30 vs. ≤20 | 3.56 (1.70–7.45) | 0.024 | 4.46 (2.30–8.63) | <0.001 | 2.27 (1.02–5.07) | 0.005 | ||
| Baseline serum creatinine (µmol/L), log10 | 1.70 (0.584–4.96) | 0.0034 | 2.18(0.72–6.62) | 0.050 | 1.31 (0.49–3.53) | 0.019 | ||
| Peak serum creatinine (µmol/L), log10 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 8.32 (3.02–22.97) | <0.001 | 14.72 (4.66–46.51) | <0.001 |
| Vasoconstrictor treatment | ||||||||
| Norepinephrine with albumin vs. terlipressin with albumin | 1.35 (0.76–2.66) | 0.407 | 1.00 (0.54–1.85) | 0.997 | ||||
| Midodrine plus octreotide with albumin vs. terlipressin with albumin | 2.11 (1.09–4.09) | 0.527 | 1.61 (0.88–2.93) | 0.124 | ||||
Abbreviations: MAP: mean arterial pressure; HRS: hepatorenal syndrome; CKD: chronic kidney disease; AKI: acute kidney injury; CI: confidence interval; HR: hazard ratio; MELD–Na: model for end-stage liver disease–sodium.