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. 2022 May 27;4(2):277–286. doi: 10.3390/clockssleep4020024

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The effect of YmP on sleep architecture in the rat. Changes in the percentage of wake (A), REM sleep (B), and NREM sleep (C) during the dark phase are shown in the Ym and YmP-treated groups. The data represent the mean ± SEM of percent time spent in the sleep–wake state. * p < 0.05 vs. Normal (saline-treated group), ** p < 0.001 vs. Normal (saline-treated group); one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD. Yukmijihwang-tang (Ym); modified Yukmijihwang-tang (YmP); rapid eye movement (REM); non-rapid eye movement (NREM).

The effect of YmP on sleep architecture in the rat. Changes in the percentage of wake (A), REM sleep (B), and NREM sleep (C) during the dark phase are shown in the Ym and YmP-treated groups. The data represent the mean ± SEM of percent time spent in the sleep–wake state. * p < 0.05 vs. Normal (saline-treated group), ** p < 0.001 vs. Normal (saline-treated group); one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD. Yukmijihwang-tang (Ym); modified Yukmijihwang-tang (YmP); rapid eye movement (REM); non-rapid eye movement (NREM).