Table 8.

Age-appropriate characteristics.

Article	Description Concept	Implementation in the Tool Described		Evaluation on Age Appropriateness Stated by Patient/Provider/Family			Recommendations
		Statement of Concept Applied	Elements of Tool	Patient	Provider	Family
Baker, 2008 [58]	Implicit	No	NS	NS	NS	NS	Yes
Christenson, 2010 [51]	Implicit	Yes	Questions adjusted for age and maturity	NS	NS	NS	Yes
Curtin, 2017 [52]	Implicit	Yes	NS	NS	NS	NS	No
Dallas, 2012 [53]	Implicit	Yes	NS	NS	NS	NS	No
Dallas, 2016 [31]	No Description	No	NS	NS	NS	NS	No
Fahner, 2020 [11]	Explicit	Yes	Booklets and conversation guides, with language adapted to the children	NS	NS	NS	Yes
Feraco, 2018 [43]	No Description	No	NS	NS	NS	NS	No
Finlay, 2008 [45]	No Description	No	NS	NS	NS	NS	No
Fraser, 2010 [54]	Implicit	No	NS	NS	NS	NS	Yes
Friebert, 2020 [42]	Implicit	No	NS	NS	NS	NS	No
Gallagher,2018 [55]	Implicit	No	NS	NS	NS	NS	Yes
Hartley, 2016 [44]	Implicit	No	NS	NS	NS	NS	No
Hays, 2006 [37]	Implicit	No	NS	NS	NS	NS	Yes
Hendricks,2017 [38]	No Description	No	NS	NS	NS	NS	No
Jacobs, 2015 [39]	No description	No	NS	NS	NS	NS	No
Kazmerski, 2016 [40]	Implicit	No	NS	90% considered VMC (Voicing My Choices) to be age-appropriate; 66% considered ACP to be appropriate to introduce before the age of 18 or at any age	58% considered VMC to be appropriate for patient population/age group; 50% found the ideal patient age for ACP discussion was >18 years	NS	No
Kline, 2012 [46]	No Description	No	NS	NS	NS	NS	No
Lyon, 2009 [32]	Explicit	Yes	NS	NS	NS	NS	Yes
Lyon, 2009 [33]	Explicit	Yes	NS	NS	NS	NS	No
Lyon, 2010 [34]	No Description	No	NS	NS	NS	NS	No
Lyon, 2013 [35]	Implicit	No	NS	NS	NS	NS	No
Lyon, 2014 [36]	Implicit	Yes	NS	NS	NS	NS	No
Lyon, 2019 [47]	No Description	No	NS	NS	NS	NS	No
Moody, 2020 [41]	No Description	No	NS	NS	NS	NS	No
Noyes, 2013 [50]	Implicit	Yes	Booklets content and images adapted for age	NS	NS	NS	Yes
Snaman, 2019 [59]	Explicit	Yes	NS	NS	NS	NS	Yes
Van Breemen, 2020 [57]	Implicit	Yes	Family-centered language	NS	NS	NS	No
Wiener, 2008 [49]	Implicit	Yes	Age-appropriate images	90% declared that all statements on EOL care were appropriate and helpful for someone their age	NS	NS	Yes
Wiener, 2012 [48]	Implicit	Yes	Wording and questions adjusted for development and a glossary added	No significant tool differences in the degree of help or stress in age groups or differences in document content; AYAs disagreed on whether medical care wishes in the Five Wishes versus MTMWMV (My Thoughts, My Wishes, My Voice) was more appropriate for someone of their age	NS	NS	Yes
Zadeh, 2015 [56]	Explicit	Yes	Wording and questions adjusted for development and a glossary added	NS	NS	NS	Yes
Toce, 2003 [60]	Implicit	Yes	NS	NS	NS	NS	No

ACP: advance care planning; AYA: adolescents and young adults; EOL: end of life; NS: not specified.