Table 2.
Parameters of muscle echogenicity. Data presented as mean (standard deviation). Corresponding p values of group comparisons are available in Supplementary File S2. The results are rounded to the first decimal place. GS: greyscale value. GSSD: greyscale standard deviation. HS: Heckmatt scale. ICU-AW: intensive care unit-acquired weakness. N/A: value not available. SFT: subcutaneous fat layer thickness.
| Healthy Controls | ICU-AW+ Day 3 |
ICU-AW− Day 3 |
ICU-AW+ Day 10 |
ICU-AW− Day 10 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biceps brachii left | |||||
| GS | 49.4 (19.7) | 71.8 (25.3) | 66.4 (24.3) | 73.9 (21.5) | 63.4 (26.8) |
| z-Score | N/A | 0.9 (1.0) | 0.7 (0.9) | 0.9 (0.8) | 0.5 (1.0) |
| HS | 1.0 (0.0) | 2.6 (0.6) | 2.2 (0.5) | 2.4 (0.6) | 2.0 (0.7) |
| GSSD | 26.0 (4.4) | 27.4 | 25.9 | 27.8 | 28.5 |
| SFT, cm | 0.5 (0.1) | 0.6 (0.2) | 0.6 (0.2) | 0.7 (0.3) | 0.6 (0.2) |
| Biceps brachii right | |||||
| GS | 44.8 (17.2) | 74.7 (31.2) | 76.5 (38.0) | 70.5 (31.4) | 65.8 (32.2) |
| z-Score | N/A | 1.1 (1.1) | 1.1 (1.4) | 0.9 (1.1) | 0.8 (1.2) |
| HS | 1.0 (0.0) | 2.5 (0.5) | 2.3 (0.7) | 2.3 (0.8) | 2.0 (0.7) |
| GSSD | 27.9 (3.5) | 24.6 | 24.3 | 25.3 | 27.1 |
| SFT, cm | 0.5 (0.1) | 0.7 (0.2) | 0.6 (0.1) | 0.7 (0.3) | 0.6 (0.2) |
| Brachioradialis left | |||||
| GS | 41.6 (17.4) | 71.7 (25.6) | 74.5 (35.8) | 64.9 (24.1) | 62.5 (30.7) |
| z-Score | N/A | 1.2 (1.0) | 1.3 (1.4) | 0.9 (0.9) | 0.8 (1.2) |
| HS | 1.0 (0.0) | 2.5 (0.6) | 2.3 (0.4) | 2.4 (0.5) | 2.0 (0.7) |
| GSSD | 25.6 (5.0) | 27.8 | 25.1 | 26.5 | 26 |
| SFT, cm | 0.5 (0.1) | 0.6 (0.2) | 0.6 (0.1) | 0.6 (0.2) | 0.5 (0.1) |
| Brachioradialis right | |||||
| GS | 44.4 (10.2) | 74.6 (32.3) | 67.4 (35.2) | 67.4 (31.0) | 62.3 (26.5) |
| z-Score | N/A | 1.2 (1.3) | 0.9 (1.4) | 0.9 (1.3) | 0.7 (1.1) |
| HS | 1.0 (0.0) | 2.6 (0.6) | 2.3 (0.6) | 2.4 (0.7) | 1.9 (0.6) |
| GSSD | 24.4 (3.9) | 27.3 | 25.3 | 25.8 | 27.7 |
| SFT, cm | 0.5 (0.1) | 0.6 (0.2) | 0.6 (0.2) | 0.6 (0.2) | 0.5 (0.2) |
| Rectus femoris of the quadriceps femoris left | |||||
| GS | 56.7 (26.2) | 71.4 (16.7) | 77.6 (31.4) | 73.5 (20.0) | 72.4 (30.8) |
| z-Score | N/A | 0.5 (0.6) | 0.7 (1.1) | 0.6 (0.7) | 0.6 (1.1) |
| HS | 1.3 (0.5) | 2.8 (0.7) | 2.4 (0.5) | 2.6 (0.6) | 2.3 (0.8) |
| GSSD | 28.1 (8.4) | 25.1 | 25.1 | 26.3 | 27.6 |
| SFT, cm | 0.7 (0.2) | 1.1 (0.5) | 0.9 (0.4) | 1.1 (0.5) | 0.9 (0.3) |
| Rectus femoris of the quadriceps femoris right | |||||
| GS | 63.7 (7.7) | 69.8 (21.3) | 71.7 (30.9) | 73.2 (25.5) | 73.4 (27.6) |
| z-Score | N/A | 0.2 (0.7) | 0.3 (1.0) | 0.3 (0.8) | 0.3 (0.9) |
| HS | 1.1 (0.3) | 2.6 (0.7) | 2.4 (0.6) | 2.6 (0.5) | 2.4 (0.6) |
| GSSD | 31.2 (3.8) | 25.4 | 23.6 | 28.4 | 27.4 |
| SFT, cm | 0.7 (0.2) | 1.1 (0.6) | 0.9 (0.4) | 1.1 (0.5) | 0.9 (0.4) |
| Tibialis anterior left | |||||
| GS | 49.1 (14.3) | 74.4 (25.0) | 83.7 (30.5) | 80.6 (36.1) | 75.9 (34.4) |
| z-Score | N/A | 1.0 (1.0) | 1.3 (1.2) | 1.2 (1.4) | 1.0 (1.3) |
| HS | 1.1 (0.3) | 2.9 (0.7) | 2.6 (0.6) | 2.7 (0.5) | 2.5 (0.5) |
| GSSD | 25.1 (6.1) | 26.6 | 25.1 | 26.1 | 29.7 |
| SFT, cm | 0.4 (0.2) | 0.5 (0.3) | 0.4 (0.2) | 0.5 (0.3) | 0.5 (0.3) |
| Tibialis anterior right | |||||
| GS | 46.8 (13.9) | 85.9 (27.7) | 76.4 (29.8) | 77.7 (31.8) | 79.9 (30.1) |
| z-Score | N/A | 1.4 (1.0) | 1.1 (1.1) | 1.1 (1.2) | 1.2 (1.1) |
| HS | 1.2 (0.4) | 2.7 (0.8) | 2.7 (0.8) | 2.9 (0.5) | 2.3 (0.6) |
| GSSD | 27.4 (4.0) | 29 | 27.6 | 27 | 28.1 |
| SFT, cm | 0.4 (0.2) | 0.5 (0.3) | 0.4 (0.2) | 0.6 (0.3) | 0.4 (0.2) |