Figure 5.

Lactobacillus johnsonii-derived nanovesicles alter STAT3 phosphorylation and AHR mRNA levels in THP-1 macrophages. THP-1 cells were treated with vehicle control (blue bars) or L. johnsonii-derived nanovesicles (orange bars) for 5 h. (A) Western blot showing total STAT3 (T-STAT3), and phosphorylation at S727 (S-STAT3) and Y705 (Y-STAT3). β-actin was used as a loading control. Three biological replicates are shown for each treatment as indicated. (B–D) Quantification of band intensity was performed with ImageJ and expressed as (B) T-STAT3/ACTIN, (C) S-STAT3/T-STAT3 and (D) Y-STAT3/T-STAT3 ratios. (E, F) The mRNA levels of AHR (E) and STAT3 (F) were evaluated under similar conditions via qRT-PCR. CTRL denotes vehicle control group; NV10 denotes nanovesicles from L. johnsonii at 10¹⁰ particles/ml. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. *p < 0.05.