(a, b) Images of paper-based microfluidic-based diagnostic devices in different manners, including (c, d) examples of colorimetric results from the μPADs. [Reproduced (or adapted) from ref 38. Copyright 2010, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC.] (e) While both rely on similar physical mechanisms, μPADs leverage paper chromatography and microfluidics to power low-cost diagnostics.