Figure 2:

The use of gap electrospinning to produce anisotropic constructs including mechanism and alternative setups. A) Parallel electrode setup used for gap electrospinning with visual representation of the impact on the electric field and resulting fiber alignment. B) Rotating wire drum for continuously aligned scaffolds. Reprinted with permission from Katta et al.⁵⁸ Copyright 2004, American Chemical Society. C) Custom air gap wheel to permit polymer gradients along the direction of fiber alignment. Reprinted with permission from Kishan et al.⁵⁹ Copyright 2017, Elsevier. D) Two-pole setup for longitudinally-aligned conduits. Reprinted with permission from Jha et al.⁶⁰ Copyright 2011, Elsevier. E) Planar electrodes with gap for random to aligned fiber meshes. Reprinted with permission from Xie et al.⁶¹ Copyright 2010, Royal Society of Chemistry.