Table 1.

Summary of endemic/native plants from Chile involved in antimicrobial activities and their application in food packaging. Information on the polymer used and the proven effect of active films made with extract or chemicals from those species is included when available. NDA: no available data.

Plant	Target Microorganism	Polymer Used	Reported Effect/Possible Application	References
Acaena magallanica	Escherichia coli, Microsporum canis	NDA	NDA	[25]
Aristotelia chilensis	Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis Listeria innocua, Serratia marcescens, Aeromonas hydrophila, Achromobacter denitrificans, Alcaligenes faecalis, Enterobacter gergoviae, Enterobacter amnigenus, Shewanella putrefaciens	Chitosan	Antimicrobial effect against Aeromonas hydrophila, Achromobacter denitrificans, Alcaligenes faecalis, Citrobacter freundii, Listeria innocua, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Serratia marcescens, and Shewanella putrefaciens/active packaging	[28,29,79]
Azorela acaulis	Mycobacterium tuberculosis Trichomonas vaginalis	NDA	NDA	[31,32]
Berberis microphylla	Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis Staphyloccocus aureus, Escherichia coli Trypanosoma cruzi	NDA	NDA	[28,37,39]
Buddleja globosa	Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli Paenibacillus larvae Trichophyton rubrum, Tricophyton interdigitale, Epidermophyton floccosum Plasmodium falciparum	NDA	NDA	[41,42,43,44]
Cryptocarya alba	Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania spp. Helicobacter pylori, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans	NDA	NDA	[45,46]
Fragaria chiloensis spp. chiloensis	Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Fusarium tricuitum, Candida albicans, Fusarium tricuictum, Microsporum cookerii, Microsporum gypseum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Trichoderma viridae, Trichophyton mentagrophytes Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium phlei, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhimurium	NDA	NDA	[48,49]
Geoffroea decorticans	Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella Typhimurium, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus nomius, Aspergillus nomius	NDA	NDA	[50,51]
Laurelia sempervirens	Phragmidium violaceum Helicobacter pylori, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans	NDA	NDA	[29,45,52]
Laureliopsis philippiana	Saprolegnia spp. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aereus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginose, Penicillium expansum	NDA	NDA	[29,54]
Peumus boldus	Helicobacter pylori Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhy, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida tropicalis, Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton tonsurans, Trichophyton erinacei, Arthroderma crocatum, Arthroderma quadrifidum, Arthroderma gypseum, Arthroderma currey and Arthroderma insingulare Staphylococcus aureus Trypanosoma cruzi Leishmania amazonensis Human immunodeficiency virus 1 and Hepatitis C virus	Gelatin and gum arabic	Antimicrobial effect against Aspergillus and Penicillium spp./active packaging	[55,56,57,58,59,60,61,63,80,81]
Prumnopitys andina	Bacillus brevis, B. subtilis, E. coli, Micrococcus luteus, Providencia sp., Pseudomonas sp., Shigella sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes Aspergillus sp., Fusarium fujikuroi, F. ciliatum, Mucor miehei, Nematospora, Propionobacterium acnes	NDA	NDA	[64,65]
Quillaja saponaria	Escherichia coli Escherichia coli Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium Rotavirus, vaccinia virus, herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, human immunodeficiency virus	NDA	Antimicrobial effect against mesophilic aerobe and total coliform/chicken marination	[68,69,70,71,72,82]
Schinus polygamus	Bacillus cereus, Candida albicans Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella aviatum, Salmonella aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus flavus and Bacillus subtilis	NDA	NDA	[73,74]
Ugni molinae	Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus S. aureus, K. pneumonia and P. aeruginose Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes Penicillium expansum Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Polyethylene film/methylcellulose	Antimicrobial effect against Listeria innocua/active packaging	[29,75,77,78,83]