Table 1.
Main characteristics of the selected studies concerning the population features, RT protocol, effects on BMD, and quality analysis.
| Study | Participants | Resistance Training Protocols | Bone Mineral Density (g/cm2) | PEDro | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Age | Height | Body Mass | BMI | Exercise | Sets | Rep | Intensity | Rest | Weekly Frequency | Duration | Bone | Interventions | ||||
| (years) | (cm) | (kg) | (kg/m2) | (Body Region) |
(%1 RM) | (s) | (Weeks) | (Region) | Pre | Post | ∆ (%) | Scores | |||||
| Mosti et al., 2013 [4] |
8 W | 61.9 ± 5.0 |
169.3 ± 6.5 |
72.3 ± 7.7 |
25.3 ± 2.9 |
1 ex. LL (SM) | 24 | 8–12 3–5 |
50 90 |
120 180 |
3 | 12 | FN LS TH |
0.651 ± 0.084 0.759 ± 0.061 0.751 ± 0.125 |
0.655 ± 0.088 0.762 ± 0.067 0.756 ± 0.123 |
0.61 0.40 0.67 |
6 Excellent |
| Marques et al., 2011 [12] |
23 W | 67.3 ± 5.2 |
28.8 ± 4.6 |
4 ex. LL (LP, KE, LC, HAb) 4 ex. T and UL (CP, LR, SP, AC) |
3 | 6–8 | 75–80 | 120 | 3 | 32 | FN TH |
0.684 ± 0.082 0.859 ± 0.124 |
0.676 ± 0.090 0.873 ± 0.132 |
−1.17 1.63 |
5 Good |
||
| Whiterford et al., 2010 [13] | 73 M | 64.6 ± 6.0 |
176.6 ± 6.8 |
82.4 ± 10.7 |
26.4 ± 3.1 |
4 ex. LL (HF, HE, Hab, CR) 5 ex. T and UL (WC, WE, BC, TP, FPS) |
3 | 10 | 85 | 60 | 3 | 52 | FN LS TH |
0.966 ± 0.142 1.236 ± 0.189 1.045 ± 0.161 |
0.969 ± 0.140 1.235 ± 0.185 1.054 ± 0.157 |
0.31 −0.08 0.86 |
6 Excellent |
| Bemben et al., 2010 [17] |
22 W | 64 ± 0.9 |
160.6 ± 1.7 |
76.6 ± 3.1 |
5 ex. LL (LP, HF, HE, HAb, HAd) 3 ex. T and UL (SP, LPD, SR) |
3 | 10 | 80 | 60 | 3 | 32 | FN LS TH |
0.902 ± 0.021 1.163 ± 0.028 0.955 ± 0.025 |
0.898 ± 0.021 1.156 ± 0.030 0.952 ± 0.024 |
−0.44 −0.60 −0.44 |
5 Good |
|
| Bocalini et al., 2009 [20] |
40 W | 69 ± 9.0 |
*≅155 |
68 ± 6.0 |
28 ± 4.0 |
5 ex. LL (LP, LC, KE, HAb, HAd) 7 ex. UL (CP, LPD, BC, TP, SR, SP, AC) |
3 | 10 | 85 | 60 | 3 | 24 | FN LS |
0.705 ± 0.001 0.881 ± 0.001 |
0.704 ± 0.001 0.880 ± 0.001 |
−0.14 −0.14 |
6 Excellent |
| Marques et al., 2013 [36] |
23 M 24 W |
68.2 ± 5.2 68.2 ± 5.7 |
*≅169 *≅150 |
83.0 ± 11.7 64.2 ± 10.2 |
29.2 ± 3.4 28.6 ± 4.1 |
4 ex. LL (LP, KE, LC, HAb) 4 ex. T and UL (CP, LR, SP, AC) |
3 | 6–8 | 75–80 | 150 | 3 | 32 | FN LS TH FN LS TH |
0.822 ± 0.113 1.051 ± 0.161 1.004 ± 0.140 0.715 ± 0.119 0.877 ± 0.122 0.864 ± 0.108 |
0.821 ± 0.115 1.065 ± 0.172 1.006 ± 0.138 0.705 ± 0.104 0.896 ± 0.129 0.872 ± 0.111 |
0.12 1.33 0.20 −1.40 2.17 0.93 |
6 Excellent |
| Bemben & Bemben 2011 [37] |
45 M 79 W |
65.2 ± 0.5 63.8 ± 0.4 |
176.8 ± 1.0 163.2 ± 0.6 |
83.5 ± 1.6 69.7 ± 1.5 |
26.7 ± 0.5 26.1 ± 0.5 |
7 ex. LL (KF, KE, LP, HF, HE, HAb, HAd) 5 ex. T and UL (FF, FE, SP, LPD, SR) |
3 3 3 3 |
8 16 8 16 |
80 40 80 40 |
2 2 3 3 |
40 | FN LS TH FN LS TH FN LS TH FN LS TH |
0.903 ± 0.020 1.143 ± 0.035 0.943 ± 0.022 0.902 ± 0.019 1.186 ± 0.032 0.940 ± 0.019 0.894 ± 0.022 0.889 ± 0.021 0.950 ± 0.026 0.928 ± 0.026 1.186 ± 0.031 0.976 ± 0.031 |
0.902 ± 0.020 1.155 ± 0.034 0.949 ± 0.022 0.904 ± 0.019 1.195 ± 0.034 0.943 ± 0.019 0.889 ± 0.021 1.190 ± 0.034 0.956 ± 0.025 0.932 ± 0.026 1.190 ± 0.031 0.984 ± 0.031 |
−0.11 1.05 0.64 0.22 0.76 0.32 −0.56 0.96 0.63 0.43 0.34 0.82 |
5 Good |
|
*: Data entered by the authors; RT: resistance training; BMD: bone mineral density; M: men; W: women; BMI: body mass index; FN: femoral neck; TH: total hip; LS: lumbar spine.; UL: upper limbs; LL: lower limbs; T: trunk; HI: high intensity; LI: low intensity: s: seconds; rep: repetitions. AC: abdominal curl; BC: biceps curl; CP: chest press; CR: calf raise; FE: forearm extension; FF: forearm flexion; FPS: forearm pronation/supination; HAb: hip abduction; HAd: hip adduction; HE: hip extension; HF: hip flexion; KE: knee extension; KF: knee flexion; LC: leg curl; LP: leg press; LPD: lateral pull-down; LR: lateral raise; SM: squat movement; SP: shoulder press; SR: seated row; TP: triceps pushdown; WC: wrist curls; WE: wrist extension