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. 2022 May 25;10(6):984. doi: 10.3390/healthcare10060984

Table 7.

Consumption of ultra-processed foods by gender.

High Consumption Rate
Ultra-Processed (%)
Chi-Squared
Man Woman X 2 p
Soft drinks 79 65 3.6 0.059
Snacks 83 83 0.002 0.966
Industrial bakery 69 55 3.2 0.074
Cookies 71 65 0.67 0.412
Breakfast cereals 79 77 0.042 0.837
Cereal and energy bars 65 46 5.5 0.019 **
Energy drinks 39 18 8.7 0.003 **
Nuggets, sausages… 80 78 0.082 0.775
Instant noodles and soups 46 40 0.686 0.408
Alcohol 79 57 7.72 0.005 **

% of high consumption (weekly or more) compared to zero or occasional consumption. Within men and women. p = degree of significance of the Chi-square test. (**) Significant association at 1%. Source: own elaboration.