Table 1.
Values are reported as mean values for the continuous variables and percentages for the categorical variables. Statistical significance was assessed by p value (p) thresholds: ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001 (t-test analysis).
| Characteristics | Control Group | Long-COVID | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall (n = 45) | Male (n = 22) | Female (n = 23) | Overall (n = 48) | Male (n = 34) | Female (n = 14) | |
| Age (years) | 60.62 ± 17.37 | 62.31 ± 18.78 | 59.50 ± 16.35 | 62.54 ± 10.18 | 62.90 ± 9.22 | 61.69 ± 12.57 |
| BMI | 26.04 ± 3.43 | 26.32 ± 2.68 | 25.77 ± 4.05 | 27.91 ± 4.26 | 28.46 ± 4.05 | 27.14 ± 4.02 |
| LDH (UI/L) | 189.33 ± 42.36 | 192.00 ± 38.99 | 187.00 ± 47.08 | 238.01 ± 60.01 *** | 241.00 ± 64.51 | 223.50 ± 36.29 |
| Ferritin (ng/mL) | 159.27 ± 169.17 | 216.11 ± 175.04 | 110.34 ± 153.05 | 298.09 ± 209.02 ** | 349.99 ± 208.82 | 135.91 ± 102.61 |
| CRP (mg/dL) | 0.55 ± 0.61 | 0.62 ± 0.76 | 0.51 ± 0.46 | 0.73 ± 0.75 | 0.75 ± 0.79 | 0.66 ± 0.67 |
| SII | 477.72 ± 260.63 | 441.22 ± 313.36 | 512.63 ± 198.80 | 715.91 ± 267.98 ** | 757.45 ± 742.08 | 683.73 ± 261.09 |
| PLR | 205.78 ± 152.31 | 195.29 ± 149.00 | 226.56 ± 146.40 | 186.07 ± 75.56 | 193.51 ± 83.09 | 162.39 ± 37.50 |
| NLR | 2.04 ± 1.35 | 2.16 ± 1.66 | 2.23 ± 1.33 | 2.66 ± 1.41 | 2.71 ± 1.53 | 2.49 ± 0.88 |
| Leucocytes (×103/μL) |
7.50 ± 1.84 | 8.06 ± 1.92 | 6.99 ± 1.64 | 6.17 ± 1.55 | 6.12 ± 1.58 | 6.32 ± 1.50 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 14.27 ± 1.58 | 14.82 ± 1.72 | 13.75 ± 1.25 | 14.83 ± 4.20 | 14.40 ± 1.35 | 16.14 ± 8.31 |
| Platelets (×103/mcL) |
248.64 ± 68.68 | 247.72 ± 69.98 | 249.52 ± 68.98 | 258.37 ± 74.23 | 260.74 ± 77.17 | 250.82 ± 66.85 |
| Lymphocytes (×103/μL) |
1.57 ± 0.80 | 1.66 ± 0.76 | 1.48 ± 0.84 | 1.46 ± 0.34 | 1.43 ± 0.36 | 1.56 ± 0.27 |
| Neutrophils (×103/μL) |
2.86 ± 1.52 | 2.93 ± 1.70 | 2.79 ± 1.35 | 3.61 ± 1.31 | 3.66 ± 1.41 | 3.46 ± 1.00 |
| Glycemia (mg/dL) | 85.59 ± 13.85 | 100.55 ± 16.79 | 90.64 ± 8.18 | 93.11 ± 15.42 | 93.09 ± 16.15 | 93.17 ± 11.96 |
| ALT (UI/L) | 22.38 ± 15.62 | 21.80 ± 8.75 | 23.57 ± 25.85 | 30.19 ± 25.83 | 32.85 ± 28.05 | 20.44 ± 11.63 |
| AST (UI/L) | 22.83 ± 20.21 | 24.90 ± 21.05 | 20.57 ± 10.80 | 27.93 ± 17.71 | 30.78 ± 18.64 | 17.78 ± 8.61 |
| Creatinin (mg/dL) | 0.83 ± 0.20 | 0.95 ± 0.22 | 0.72 ± 0.07 | 0.88 ± 0.20 | 0.91 ± 0.20 | 0.75 ± 0.16 |
| Comorbidities | 75.55% | 81.81% | 69.56% | 79.16% | 81.57% | 68.33% |