Abbreviations	Definition
IPAT	impact = population × affluence × technology
STIRPAT	Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology
GM (1,1)	grey model with one variable and one first-order equation
GRPM (1,1)	grey rolling prediction model with one variable and one first-order equation
IDA	index decomposition analysis
SDA	structural decomposition analysis
LMDI	logarithmic mean divisor index
GDP	gross domestic product
R&D	research and development
P	population size
A	affluence
T	technology level
E	carbon emissions
V	industrial output value
R	labor productivity
L	industrialization rate
EI	energy intensity
RD	industrial research and development intensity
ES	energy consumption structure
Crt	carbon emissions caused by energy consumption in year $t$ in region $r$
Eirt	consumption of class $i$ energy in year $t$ in region $r$.
Ti	conversion coefficient of class $i$ energy standard coal
Fi	carbon emission coefficient of class $i$ energy
IPCC	intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
R2	coefficients of determination
VIF	variance expansion factor
lnE	carbon emissions logarithm
lnP	population logarithm