Table 2.
Distributions of child total problems score and IQ in participants from the three U.S. pregnancy cohorts in the ECHO-PATHWAYS consortium (the CANDLE, TIDES, and GAPPS study).
| Outcomes | Cohort | Min | 1st quartile | Median | Mean (SD) | 3rd quartile | Max | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total problem score | Overall | 1,895 | 0 | 9 | 18 | 22.66 (18.52) | 31 | 132 |
| CANDLEa | 1,005 | 0 | 10 | 19 | 23.72 (19.37) | 33 | 132 | |
| TIDESb | 533 | 0 | 9 | 18 | 21.82 (17.13) | 29 | 96 | |
| GAPPS preschool form | 262 | 0 | 9 | 15.5 | 20.96 (17.71) | 28 | 110 | |
| GAPPS school-age form | 95 | 0 | 9 | 14 | 20.93 (18.6) | 27.5 | 94 | |
| IQ | Overall | 1,810 | 40 | 93 | 104 | 102.57 (15.27) | 113 | 149 |
| CANDLE | 1,030 | 40 | 90 | 100 | 99.7 (14.85) | 110 | 138 | |
| TIDES | 425 | 55 | 97 | 107 | 105.96 (16.37) | 118 | 149 | |
| GAPPS | 355 | 52 | 99 | 108 | 106.86 (13.19) | 115 | 136 |
Note: CANDLE, Conditions Affecting Neurocognitive Development and Learning in Early Childhood; ECHO, Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes; GAPPS, Global Alliance to Prevent Prematurity and Stillbirth; min, minimum; max, maximum; SD, standard deviation; TIDES, The Infant Development and Environment Study.
a
All CANDLE participants completed the preschool form.
b
All TIDES participants completed the school-age forms.