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. 2022 May 27;13(6):962. doi: 10.3390/genes13060962

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Summarized Mendelian randomization (MR) effect sizes between sedentary behaviors and MDD. Summarized MR effect sizes of the causal relationship between (a) television watching time, (b) computer use time, and (c) driving time and MDD were estimated using the following approach. The methods used in the analyses included IVW, IVW removing genetic variants with a potentially pleiotropic effect in any phenotype, MR-Egger, weighted median, MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO), outlier-corrected MR-PRESSO, and weighted mode methods. Odds ratios (ORs) as well as 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) are presented on the x axis. A two-sided p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.