Table 1:

Summary of the progress, challenges and innovative strategies in the field of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) outlined during the Kidney Cancer Research Summit (KCRS) 2020.

Progress (addressed at KCRS 2020)	Ongoing challenges	Innovative strategies
Characterization of novel metabolic targets Optimization of immune-based therapeutic combinations in ccRCC Development of 3D preclinical models for kidney cancer Identification of transcriptomic signatures as potential biomarkers Exploration of genomic differences between racial groups Comprehensive molecular analysis of variant histologies in RCC	Identification of synergistic and additive cellular vulnerabilities Evaluation of novel immune checkpoint inhibitors and personalized therapies Exploration of the spatial architecture in relation to outcomes and response to systemic agents Validation of genomic biomarkers in dedicated trials Characterization of the immune repertoire of RCC (e.g. TCR and BCR) Testing of immune-based regimens and specific targeted drugs in non-ccRCC tumors	Molecular characterization of RCC using high-resolution technologies (e.g. scRNA-seq, scTCR-seq) Evaluation of novel therapies in ccRCC and other variant histologies in phase I/II clinical trials Increased collaboration between academic and industrial partners

Abbreviations: BCR: B-cell receptor ; ccRCC: clear cell renal cell carcinoma ; TCR: T-cell receptor ; scRNA-seq: single-cell RNA sequencing ; scTCR-seq: single-cell T-cell receptor sequencing