ADP	adenosine diphosphate
Akt1	protein kinase B
AMP	adenosine monophosphate
AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase
ATP	adenosine triphosphate
CALERIE	Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy
COX-2	cyclooxygenase 2
CR	caloric restriction
CRP	C-reactive protein
CXCL16	chemokine ligand 16
DHEA	dehydroepiandrosterone
DHEAS	dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate
FMT	fecal microbiota transfer
FOXO	forkhead box protein O
GABA	γ-aminobutyric acid
GH	growth hormone
GLUT	glucose transporter
HDL	high density lipoprotein
IGF1	insulin-like growth factor 1
IL	interleukin
INFγ	interferon gamma
iNOS	inducible nitric oxide synthase
Irs, IRS	insulin receptor substrate
LBP	lipopolysaccharide—binding protein
LBZ	Longevity Blue Zones
LDL	low dencity lipoprotein
LKB1	liver kinase B1
MCP-1	monocyte chemoattractant protein 1
MedDiet	Mediterranean diet
MIP-1α	macrophage inflammatory protein 1α
mTOR	mammalian target of rapamycin kinase
mTORC	mTOR complex
NAD+	nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NF-κB	nuclear factor-κB
NIA	National Institute on Aging
PGC-1a	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha
PI3K	phosphoinositide 3-kinase
PPAR	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
RAGs	recombination-activating genes
RANTES	regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted
S6K1	S6 kinase 1
Sirt, SIRT	sirtuins
SOD2	superoxide dismutase 2
SREPB1c	sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c
T3	triiodothyronine
T4	thyroxine
TNF	tumor necrosis factor
TNO	Toxicology and Nutrition Institute in the Netherlands
TSC2	tuberous sclerosis complex 2
TSH	thyroid stimulating hormone
UCP2	mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2
WHO	World Health Organization