. 2022 Jun 17;19(12):7468. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19127468

Table 2.

Treatment protocols.

Treatment Protocols
Trauma-Focused CBT-based treatment Adaptation of the protocol of Cohen for complex trauma. TF-CBT is an evidence-based therapeutic approach for treating traumatized patients. Generate an improvement of symptoms of PTSD, dissociative, affective, or cognitive and behavioral problems. Eight weekly one-hour online group sessions per week Three phases of 2–3 sessions each. Phase 1: TF-CBT Coping Skills for Complex Traumas. Objectives: Establishing a trusting relationship and self-regulation skills; reinforcing safety; psychoeducation; relaxation skills, mindfulness affective and cognitive coping. Phase 2: Trauma Narration and Complicated Trauma Processing. Objectives: The development of the trauma narrative; identify and examine the impact of core beliefs; development of a hierarchy of feared stimuli and a gradual exposure schedule. Live exposure to trauma memories. Phase 3: Consolidation and completion of treatment. Objectives: After processing the trauma, share the individual progress achieved with others; follow-up sessions; ensure safety and develop appropriate relationships in real-life situations.	Trauma-Focused EMDR treatment Adaptation of Jarero and Artigas’s EMDR group therapy protocol (EMDR-IGTP) and Elan Shapiro’s Traumatic Event Protocol (G-TEP) for complex trauma. EMDR is an evidence-based therapeutic approach for treating traumatized patients. Generate an improvement in PTSD symptoms, dissociative, affective, or cognitive and behavioral problems. Eight weekly one-hour online group sessions per week Eight-phase EMDR protocol. Phases 3 to 7 will be conducted during sessions 3 to 8. Phase 1: Objective: Client history before session 1. Phase 2: Objectives: Preparation for the treatment of the traumatic event, with psychoeducation and regulation strategies, calming place, and setting up positive feelings with EBL. Phases 3–6: Objectives: performed following the G-TEP worksheet. Sense of security (safe place, past resource, desired future-PC, timeline) control structure, order, differentiation of past and present. Phase 7: Closing of the session. Objectives: A group debriefing of the experience and conducting some of the stabilization exercises. Phase 8: Objectives: Re-evaluation. After the group intervention, assess any need for individual attention.

Treatment Protocols

Trauma-Focused CBT-based treatment
Adaptation of the protocol of Cohen for complex trauma.
TF-CBT is an evidence-based therapeutic approach for treating traumatized patients.
Generate an improvement of symptoms of PTSD, dissociative, affective, or cognitive and behavioral problems.
Eight weekly one-hour online group sessions per week
Three phases of 2–3 sessions each.
Phase 1: TF-CBT Coping Skills for Complex Traumas. Objectives: Establishing a trusting relationship and self-regulation skills; reinforcing safety; psychoeducation; relaxation skills, mindfulness affective and cognitive coping.
Phase 2: Trauma Narration and Complicated Trauma Processing. Objectives: The development of the trauma narrative; identify and examine the impact of core beliefs; development of a hierarchy of feared stimuli and a gradual exposure schedule. Live exposure to trauma memories.
Phase 3: Consolidation and completion of treatment. Objectives: After processing the trauma, share the individual progress achieved with others; follow-up sessions; ensure safety and develop appropriate relationships in real-life situations.

Trauma-Focused EMDR treatment
Adaptation of Jarero and Artigas’s EMDR group therapy protocol (EMDR-IGTP) and Elan Shapiro’s Traumatic Event Protocol (G-TEP) for complex trauma.
EMDR is an evidence-based therapeutic approach for treating traumatized patients.
Generate an improvement in PTSD symptoms, dissociative, affective, or cognitive and behavioral problems.
Eight weekly one-hour online group sessions per week
Eight-phase EMDR protocol. Phases 3 to 7 will be conducted during sessions 3 to 8.
Phase 1: Objective: Client history before session 1.
Phase 2: Objectives: Preparation for the treatment of the traumatic event, with psychoeducation and regulation strategies, calming place, and setting up positive feelings with EBL.
Phases 3–6: Objectives: performed following the G-TEP worksheet. Sense of security (safe place, past resource, desired future-PC, timeline) control structure, order, differentiation of past and present.
Phase 7: Closing of the session. Objectives: A group debriefing of the experience and conducting some of the stabilization exercises.
Phase 8: Objectives: Re-evaluation. After the group intervention, assess any need for individual attention.