Table 1.

Included studies (n = 28) arranged in alphabetic order.

Author	N 1	Study Type	Follow-Up Time	Specimen	Analysis	Cytokine 2
Beidler 2009 [36]	29	Cohort	4 weeks	Biopsy	Luminex, ELISA	G-CSF, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1Ra, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL12p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, TGF-β1, TNF-α
Charles 2008 [43]	10	Cross-sectional	0	Biopsy	cDNA microarray	HB-EGF, PDGFRα, S100A7
Drinkwater 2003 [44]	35	Cohort	~1 year	WF, biopsy	ELISA, RT-PCR	VEGF-121, VEGF-165, VEGF-189, VEGF-RI, VEGF-RII
Escandon 2012 [45]	10	Clinical trial 3	4 weeks	Biopsy	RT-PCR	IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-11, TNF-α, VEGF
Filkor 2016 [46]	69	Cohort	4 weeks	PBMC	qRT-PCR	IL-1α, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α
Fivenson 1997 [47]	14	Cohort	8 weeks	WF	ELISA	IL-8, IL-10
Gohel 2008 [48]	80	Cohort	5 weeks	WF, serum	ELISA	FGF-2, IL-1β, TGF-β1, TNF-α, VEGF
Grandi 2018 [49]	19	Clinical trial 4	~3 weeks	Biopsy	IHC	TGF-β, TNF-α
Harris 1995 [37]	18	Cross-sectional	0	WF	ELISA, bioassay	FGF-2, GM-CSF, IL-1α, IL-1α bio, IL-1β bio, IL-6 bio, PDGF-AB
He 1997 [50]	10	Experimental 5	200 min	Serum	ELISA	IL-1β, IL-1Ra, IL-6, TNF-α
Hodde 2020 [51]	12	Clinical trial 6	12 weeks	WF	Luminex, ELISA	GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12(p70), IL-13, TGF-β1, TNF-α
Krejner 2017 [52]	19	Cohort, retrospective	-4 weeks	Serum	ELISA	IL-6, IL-8, TNF
Lagattolla 1995 [53]	19	Cohort 7	6 months	Biopsy	ELISA	FGF-2, PDGF-AB, TGF-β1,
Ligi 2016 [54]	34	Cross-sectional, cohort	During admission	WF	Luminex	FGF-2, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-1Ra, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12(p70), IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, PDGF-BB, TNF-α, VEGF
Ligi 2017 [55]	30	Cross-sectional, cohort	0	WF	Luminex	TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3
McQuilling 2021 [56]	15	Clinical trial 8	12 weeks	WF	Multiplex MAP arrays	EGF, FGF-2, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1Ra, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB, TGF-α, TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3, TNF-α, TNF-β, VEGF
Murphy 2002 [57]	8	Cohort	12 weeks	Serum	ELISA	TNF-α, VEGF
Mwaura 2006 [58]	40	Cohort	8 weeks	WF, biopsy	ELISA, IHC	PDGF-AA
Pukstad 2010 [59]	8	Cohort	8 weeks	WF	Antibody array, bioassay	IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6R, IL-8, TNF-α, sTNF-RI, sTNF-RII
Sadler 2012 [60]	20	Clinical trial 9	4 weeks	WF	ELISA	TNF-α
Senet 2003 [61]	15	RCT 10	16 weeks	WF	ELISA	IL-8, KGF, VEGF
Serra 2013 [62]	60	RCT 11	~13 months	WF, plasma	ELISA	VEGF
Serra 2015 [63]	64	RCT 9	~13 months	WF, plasma	ELISA	VEGF
Stacey 2019 [64]	42	Cohort	13 weeks	WF	Multiplex ELISA	G-CSF, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1Ra, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-11, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17, M-CSF, PDGF-BB, TNF-α, TNF-β, TNF-RI, TNF-RII
Tian 2003 [65]	21	Cohort	2 weeks	Biopsy	IHC	EGF, FGF-2, IL-1α, IL-6, PDGF-A, TGF-β1, TNF-α, TNF-RI, VEGF
Trengove 2000 [33]	26	Cohort	2 weeks	WF	ELISA, bioassay	EGF, FGF-2, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1 bio, IL-6, IL-6 bio, TGF-β1, TNF-α, PDGF
Wallace 1998 [66]	21	Cohort	2 weeks	WF	ELISA, bioassay	TNF-α, TNF-α bio, sTNF-RI, sTNF-RII
Wiegand 2017 [67]	42	RCT 12	4 weeks	WF, biopsy	Luminex, IHC	IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TGF-β, TNF-α

¹ Total number of enrolled patients. ² Cytokines fulfilling the inclusion criteria of the review. ³ Ultrasound. ⁴ Aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy. ⁵ Reperfusion injury. ⁶ Small-intestine submucosa. ⁷ Retrospective or prospective study. ⁸ Amniotic membrane. ⁹ Doxycycline. ¹⁰ Autologous platelet gel vs. placebo. ¹¹ Minocycline vs. control. ¹² Ultrasound vs. control. ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; IHC, immunohistochemistry; qRT-PCR, real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; RCT, randomized controlled trial; WF, wound fluid.