Table 1.
The mechanical properties of Si3N4 ceramics.
| Author | Ref. | Materials | Remarks | Bending Strength (MPa) | Flexural Strength (MPa) | Vickers Hardness (GPa) | Young’s Modulus (GPa) | Weibull Modulus | Poisson’s Ratio | Fracture Toughness (MPa/m2) | Fracture Strength (MPa) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chen et al. | [42] | Si3N4 | Disks 3 mm in diameter and typically range in thickness from 250 to 400 μm | / | / | 12–13 | 299 | / | 0.270 | / | / |
| Silva et al. | [59] | Si3N4 (SN1) | Composition with 91 wt.% Si3N4, 3 wt.% Al2O3, 3 wt.% Y2O3, and 3 wt.% Yb2O3 | / | / | 11.1 ± 0.2 | Assuming 300 | / | / | 5.0 ± 0.4 | / |
| Si3N4 (SN4) | Composition with 90 wt.% Si3N4, 6 wt.% Al2O3, and 4 wt.% Y2O3 | / | / | 13.2 ± 0.2 | Assuming 300 | / | / | 4.5 ± 0.2 | / | ||
| Bal et al. | [64] | Si3N4 | Composition with 90 wt.% Si3N4, 4 wt.% Al2O3, and 6 wt.% Y2O3. | / | 923 ± 70 | 14–16 | 300–320 | 19 | / | 10 ± 1 | / |
| Becher et al. | [38] | Si3N4 | 6.25 wt.% Y2O3 + 1 wt.% Al2O3. Average grain diameter: 0.3 mm/2 mm, distinctly bimodal |
/ | / | / | / | / | / | / | 1144 ± 126 |
| 6.25 wt.% Y2O3 + 1 wt.% Al2O3. Average grain diameter: ~0.4 mm, and monomodal | 660 ± 165 | ||||||||||
| 5 wt.% Y2O3 + 2 wt.% Al2O3. Average grain diameter: 10.3 mm/2 mm, distinctly bimodal | 1011 ± 78 | ||||||||||
| 5 wt.% Y2O3 + 2 wt.% Al2O3. Average grain diameter: 0.5 mm, monomodal with definite tail to larger sizes | 660 ± 20 | ||||||||||
| Liu et al. | [56] | Si3N4 | Commercially available Si3N4 powder (E-10, UBE Industries, Japan) was mixed with 3 wt.% MgO (99.9%), 1.5 wt.% Al2O3 (99.9%), and 3.5 wt.% SiO2 (99.9%) additives. | / | 1060 | 14.2 | / | / | / | 6.4 | / |
| Ling et al. | [55] | Si3N4 | Si3N4 + 5 wt.% MgO + 4 wt.% Y2O3 (sintered at 1700 °C during 60 min) | 950 | / | / | / | / | / | 7.5 | / |
| Li et al. | [35] | Si3N4/n-SiC | Si3N4 /n-SiC (85 wt.% Si3N4 + 5 wt.% n-SiC + 5 wt.% Al2O3 + 5 wt.% Y2O3) at sintering temperature of 1600 °C and holding time of 10 min | / | / | 14.44 | / | / | / | 7.77 | / |
| Benjamin et al. | [53] | Si3N4 | HPSi3N4 (density 99.6%), hot pressing | / | / | 1640 HV | / | 10.7 | / | 6.2 | 1210 |
| LPSSi3N4 (density 96.7%), pressureless sintering | 1565 HV | 10.7 | 7.1 | 990 | |||||||
| McEntire et al. | [31] | Si3N4 | 6 wt.% Y2O3, 4 wt.% Al2O3, 90 wt.% Si3N4 | / | 995 | / | / | / | / | 10.6 | / |
| Mauro et al. | [62] | Si3N4 based composite | 90 vol.% Si3N4 + 10 vol.% bioactive glass | / | 934 ± 215.5 | 15.29 ± 0.51 | 276 | / | / | / | / |
| 91.3 vol.% Si3N4 + 8.7 vol.% MgO | 969 ± 149.2 | 18.70 ± 6.63 | 316 | ||||||||
| 65 vol.% (93 wt.% Si3N4 + 2 wt.% Y2O3 + 5 wt.% Al2O3) + 35 vol.% TiN | 835 ± 116.0 | 14.70 ± 0.70 | 354 | ||||||||
| Blugan et al. | [63] | Si3N4 - Titanium Nitride Composites | Si3N4–TiN composites with 0 wt.% TiN | 790 ± 122.0 | / | / | 303 | / | / | 4.26 ± 0.09 | / |
| Si3N4–TiN composites with 10 wt.% TiN | 685 ± 51.6 | 311 | 4.47 ± 0.03 | ||||||||
| Si3N4–TiN composites with 20 wt.% TiN | 884 ± 32.6 | 317 | 4.62 ± 0.11 | ||||||||
| Si3N4–TiN composites with 30 wt.% TiN | 785 ± 51.2 | 330 | 4.71 ± 0.05 |