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. 2022 Jun 11;23(12):6551. doi: 10.3390/ijms23126551

Table 2.

The in vivo results from different animal models withSi3N4 ceramic.

Author Materials Used Type of Implants Animal Model Control Group Results Ref.
Guedes e Silva et al. Si3N4 / Rabbits’ tibias / Bone growth occurred mainly in the cortical areas, and the bone bridge can be formed when the implants are installed into distal regions. [68]
Kersten et al. Si3N4 Lumbar interbody fusion implant Caprine model PEEK Bone formation: the Si3N4 group (52.6%) was greater than PEEK (27.9%). BIC ratios and biodynamic stability: comparable. [73]
Howlett et al. Si3N4 / Femoral marrow cavities in rabbit / In vivo test results showed that Si3N4 implants were permeated by new mature bone after being inserted into femoral massow cavities for three months. [69]
Neumann et al. Si3N4 / lateral condyli of the femurs of New Zealand male rabbits Aluminum oxide Si3N4 shows good biocompatibility and presumably better osseointegration than Al2O3. [71]
Neumann et al. Si3N4 Miniplates and screws Frontal bone defects in minipigs / These osteofixation system showed satisfactory results in terms of the aspects of biocompatibility and mechanical stability. [72]
Anderson et al. Cancellous-structured Si3N4 / Femoral condyle of sheep / The results showed that in some implants, the depth of newly formed bone was greater than 3 mm after 3 months in situ, which meant that a porous structure is beneficial for achieving skeletal attachment. [74]