Table 1.
Factors Associated with Avoiding Drug Treatment for Fear of Child Welfare among those with Children (n=403).
| Total Sample |
Women |
Men |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) Avoided Treatment |
PR (95% CI) | N (%) Avoided Treatment |
PR (95% CI) | N (%) Avoided Treatment |
PR (95% CI) | |
| Age, years | 0.99 (0.96, 1.02) | 0.98 (0.95, 1.01) | 1.02 (0.96, 1.07) | |||
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||
| White | 8 (34.8) | Ref | 7 (46.7) | Ref | 1 (12.5) | Ref |
| Black | 26 (20.6) | 0.59 (0.31, 1.14) | 10 (23.3) | 0.50 (0.23, 1.07) | 16 (19.3) | 1.52 (0.23, 10.20) |
| Hispanic | 16 (14.7) | 0.42 (0.20, 0.87) | 9 (23.1) | 0.49 (0.22, 1.09) | 7 (10.0) | 0.80 (0.11, 5.72) |
| Other | 1 (20.0) | 0.58 (0.09, 3.63) | 0 (0.0) | N/A | 1 (50.0) | 4.00 (0.40, 40.01) |
| Borough of Residence | ||||||
| Manhattan | 21 (22.3) | Ref | 11 (30.6) | Ref | 10 (17.2) | Ref |
| Staten Island | 2 (33.3) | 1.49 (0.45, 4.93) | 2 (50.0) | 1.63 (0.54, 4.91) | 0 (0.0) | N/A |
| Brooklyn | 8 (16.3) | 0.73 (0.35, 1.53) | 2 (14.3) | 0.47 (0.12, 1.85) | 6 (17.1) | 0.99 (0.40, 2.50) |
| Bronx | 20 (19.6) | 0.88 (0.51, 1.51) | 10 (25.6) | 0.84 (0.40, 1.74) | 10 (15.9) | 0.92 (0.41, 2.05) |
| Queens | 1 (6.7) | 0.30 (0.04, 2.06) | 1 (14.3) | 0.47 (0.07, 3.08) | 0 (0.0) | N/A |
| Currently Homeless | ||||||
| No | 39 (21.7) | Ref | 21 (29.2) | Ref | 18 (16.7) | Ref |
| Yes | 13 (15.1) | 0.70 (0.39, 1.24) | 5 (17.9) | 0.61 (0.26, 1.47) | 8 (13.8) | 0.83 (0.38, 1.79) |
| Employment Status | ||||||
| Not employed/unable to work | 42 (19.1) | Ref | 22 (25.3) | Ref | 20 (15.0) | Ref |
| Employed | 10 (23.8) | 1.25 (0.68, 2.29) | 4 (36.4) | 1.44 (0.61, 3.41) | 6 (19.4) | 1.29 (0.56, 2.94) |
| Educational Attainment | ||||||
| Less than High School | 18 (22.5) | Ref | 10 (30.3) | Ref | 8 (17.0) | Ref |
| High School Graduate/GED | 22 (21.0) | 0.93 (0.54, 1.62) | 11 (29.0) | 0.96 (0.46, 1.96) | 11 (16.4) | 0.96 (0.42, 2.22) |
| Some College or Greater | 12 (14.8) | 0.66 (0.34, 1.28) | 5 (17.2) | 0.57 (0.22, 1.47) | 7 (13.5) | 0.79 (0.31, 2.02) |
| Marital Status | ||||||
| Widowed/Divorced/Never Married | 38 (19.2) | Ref | 18 (26.1) | Ref | 20 (15.5) | Ref |
| Married/Cohabiting as Married | 14 (20.6) | 1.07 (0.62, 1.86) | 8 (25.8) | 0.99 (0.48, 2.03) | 6 (16.2) | 1.04 (0.45, 2.41) |
| Ever Incarcerated | ||||||
| No | 6 (16.2) | Ref | 5 (21.7) | Ref | 1 (7.1) | Ref |
| Yes | 46 (20.1) | 1.24 (0.57, 2.70) | 21 (27.3) | 1.25 (0.53, 2.96) | 25 (16.4) | 2.30 (0.34, 15.80) |
| 3 or More Traumatic Experiences during Childhood | ||||||
| No | 15 (16.3) | Ref | 8 (32.0) | Ref | 7 (10.4) | Ref |
| Yes | 32 (20.9) | 1.28 (0.73, 2.24) | 15 (23.1) | 0.72 (0.35, 1.49) | 17 (19.3) | 1.85 (0.81, 4.21) |
| Non-Using Network Gave Tangible Support in Past 3 Mos | ||||||
| No | 21 (20.0) | Ref | 9 (24.3) | Ref | 12 (17.6) | Ref |
| Yes | 31 (19.4) | 0.97 (0.59, 1.59) | 17 (27.0) | 1.11 (0.55, 2.23) | 14 (14.4) | 0.82 (0.40, 1.66) |
| Non-Using Network Gave Emotional Support in Past 3 Mos | ||||||
| No | 12 (20.3) | Ref | 4 (19.0) | Ref | 8 (21.0) | Ref |
| Yes | 40 (19.7) | 0.97 (0.54, 1.72) | 22 (27.8) | 1.46 (0.56, 3.79) | 18 (14.5) | 0.69 (0.32, 1.46) |
| Age at First Opioid Use | ||||||
| 11-17 Years | 15 (17.9) | Ref | 5 (21.7) | Ref | 10 (16.4) | Ref |
| 18-21 Years | 8 (16.3) | 0.91 (0.42, 2.00) | 5 (20.0) | 0.92 (0.30, 2.78) | 3 (12.5) | 0.76 (0.23, 2.54) |
| 22-29 Years | 21 (35.6) | 1.99 (1.12, 3.53) | 12 (52.2) | 2.40 (1.01, 5.72) | 9 (25.0) | 1.52 (0.68, 3.40) |
| 30 or Older | 8 (11.3) | 0.63 (0.28, 1.40) | 4 (14.3) | 0.66 (0.20, 2.17) | 4 (9.3) | 0.57 (0.19, 1.69) |
| Injected Heroin in Past 30 Days | ||||||
| No | 39 (19.8) | Ref | 18 (25.4) | Ref | 21 (16.7) | Ref |
| Yes | 11 (16.7) | 0.84 (0.46, 1.55) | 7 (25.9) | 1.02 (0.48, 2.17) | 4 (10.3) | 0.62 (0.22, 1.69) |
| Opioid Use Disorder | ||||||
| Mild/Moderate | 5 (10.2) | Ref | 4 (15.4) | Ref | 1 (4.4) | Ref |
| Severe | 44 (22.3) | 2.19 (0.91, 5.24) | 21 (30.4) | 1.97 (0.75, 5.23) | 23 (18.0) | 4.13 (0.58, 29.23) |
| Ever Been in Opioid Use Treatment | ||||||
| No | 6 (33.3) | Ref | 3 (37.5) | Ref | 3 (30.0) | Ref |
| Yes | 46 (18.6) | 0.56 (0.28, 1.12) | 23 (25.0) | 0.67 (0.25, 1.75) | 23 (14.7) | 0.49 (0.18, 1.36) |
| Drug Use Stigma | ||||||
| Low (score <13) | 14 (10.9) | Ref | 8 (15.7) | Ref | 6 (7.8) | Ref |
| High (score ≥13) | 37 (27.4) | 2.50 (1.42, 4.42) | 18 (36.7) | 2.34 (1.12, 4.89) | 19 (22.1) | 2.84 (1.19, 6.74) |