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. 2022 Jun 10;23(12):6516. doi: 10.3390/ijms23126516

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Hypomethylation of promoter DNA in CLDN4 gene in 157 cases of BUCs. (A) Examined CpG island in CLDN4 promoter region. (B) Comparison of CLDN4 promoter methylation between low-grade and high-grade BUCs. (C) Comparison of CLDN4 promoter methylation among G1, G2, and G3 BUCs. (D) Comparison of CLDN4 promoter methylation between pTa and pT1 BUCs. (E) Comparison of CLDN4 promoter methylation between NMIBCs and MIBCs. (F) Comparison of overall survival between CLDN4 promoter methylation low (under median) and high (upper median) cases. Grade (high, low, or G1, G2, or G3) and primary tumor (pT; pTa, non-invasive papillary BUC; pT1, invasion into subepithelial layer) are classified according to the TNM classification system [18]. The data show the mean ± SD, wherein the SD was calculated by Student’s t-test. Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan–Meier method with statistical test by generalized Wilcoxon test. CLDN, claudin; BUC, bladder urothelial carcinoma; TSS, transcription starting site; percentage, frequency of CpG methylation; NMIBC, non-muscle invasive BUC; MIBC, muscle invasive BUC.