Table 2.
Role of BDNF in Parkinson’s disease.
| Observations | References | |
|---|---|---|
| Parkinson’s disease patients | ||
| Serum BDNF levels and cognitive function scores were significantly lower in Parkinson’s disease patients versus healthy controls. | [71] | |
| Decreased serum BDNF may be involved in the pathophysiology of depression in Parkinson’s disease patients. | [72] | |
| Serum BDNF levels were lower in recently diagnosed, untreated Parkinson’s disease patients compared to controls. These lower levels were significantly correlated with nigrostriatal system degeneration. | [73] | |
| Low BDNF is associated with cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson’s disease. | [74] | |
| Decreased serum BDNF levels may be involved in the pathophysiology of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in Parkinson’s disease. | [75] | |
| The serum BDNF levels were lower in depressed Parkinson’s disease patients compared to non-depressed Parkinson’s disease patients and controls. | [76] | |
| The decreased peripheral alteration in BDNF/TrkB levels found in patients with Parkinson’s disease is directly related to dopaminergic neuron neurodegeneration. | [77] | |
| BDNF genetic polymorphism greatly increases the risk of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) in Parkinson’s disease, particularly in subjects with older onset age. | [79] | |
| BDNF Val66Met (rs6265, G196A) polymorphism was not associated with cognitive status in Parkinson’s disease patients, nor with Parkinson’s disease risk or onset. | [81] | |
| The carriers of at least one BDNF 66Met allele presented a higher prevalence of cognitive impairment. | [83] | |
| The BDNF Met allele is associated with a higher neuropsychiatric burden in Parkinson’s disease. | [84] | |
| Carrying two copies of the BDNF rs6265 Met66 allele is associated with the reduced severity of motor symptoms and, potentially, a slower rate of progression. | [85] | |
| The BDNF Met-allele carriers showed a significantly smaller decline in set-shifting compared with the homozygous BDNF Val-allele carriers. | [86] | |
| The G/G genotype was significantly associated with depression and anxiety symptoms and the development of Parkinson’s disease. | [87] | |
| The BDNF Val/Val genotype in Parkinson’s disease leads to a set of cortical and subcortical brain alterations that could promote cognitive decline. | [88] | |
| Carriers of dopamine receptors DRD2 haplotypes and possibly the BDNF variants rs6265 and DRD3 haplotypes, were at increased risk of dyskinesia, suggesting that these genes may be involved in dyskinesia-related pathomechanisms. | [89] | |
| Animal model | ||
| CEBPβ (+/−) mice | Gut inflammation induces C/EBPβ activation, which leads to both BDNF and Netrin-1 reduction and triggers non-motor and motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. | [78] |
| MPTP-induced mouse model | LncRNA BDNF-AS promotes autophagy and apoptosis by ablating microRNA-125b-5p. | [90] |
| Cell culture | ||
| MPP+-induced SH-SY5Y cell | BDNF-AS knockdown significantly promotes cell proliferation and suppresses apoptosis and autophagy in SH-SY5Y cells treated by MPP+. miR-125b-5p, a putative target gene of BDNF-AS, is involved in the effects of BDNF-AS on SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis and autophagy. | [90] |