Table 2.
Prevalence of anemia in rural households in a municipality of Brazil, according to the assessment of food security, nutritional status, socioeconomic, demographic, and housing conditions.
| Variables | Anemic (n = 122) |
Not Anemic (n = 175) |
OR CI 95% |
p Value ǂ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | |||
| Food Insecurity Status | ||||||
| Secure | 61 | 50.0 | 117 | 66.9 | 2.017 (1.255–3.242) |
0.004 |
| Insecure | 61 | 50.0 | 58 | 33.1 | ||
| Nutritional status * | ||||||
| Normal | 59 | 48.8 | 81 | 46.3 | 0.905 (0.569–1.440) |
0.675 |
| Excess weight 1 | 62 | 51.2 | 94 | 53.7 | ||
| Waist/height ratio * | ||||||
| Not altered | 25 | 20.7 | 32 | 18.3 | 0.884 (0.493–1.586) |
0.679 |
| Altered | 96 | 79.3 | 139 | 79.4 | ||
| Age group | ||||||
| Adult | 72 | 59.0 | 126 | 72.0 | 1.786 (1.095–2.912) |
0.020 |
| Elderly 2 | 50 | 41.0 | 49 | 28.0 | ||
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 68 | 55.7 | 88 | 50.3 | 1.245 (0.783–1.980) |
0.355 |
| Male | 54 | 44.3 | 87 | 49.7 | ||
| Income 3 | ||||||
| ≤1/2 minimum wage | 60 | 49.2 | 58 | 33.1 | 0.512 (0.319–0.823) |
0.006 |
| >1/2 minimum wage | 62 | 50.8 | 117 | 66.9 | ||
| Level of education (years) * | ||||||
| ≤4 | 84 | 68.9 | 94 | 54.0 | 0.532 (0.327–0.864) |
0.011 |
| >4 | 38 | 31.1 | 80 | 46.0 | ||
| Home owner | ||||||
| Yes | 98 | 80.3 | 159 | 90.9 | 2.434 (1.232–4.808) |
0.010 |
| No | 24 | 19.7 | 16 | 9.1 | ||
| Number of residents * | ||||||
| ≤3 | 58 | 47.5 | 97 | 55.7 | 1.390 (0.874–2.212) |
0.165 |
| >3 | 64 | 52.5 | 77 | 44.3 | ||
| Number of rooms | ||||||
| ≤4 | 42 | 34.4 | 63 | 36.0 | 1.071 (0.659–1.739) |
0.780 |
| >4 | 80 | 65.6 | 112 | 64.0 | ||
| Access to sanitation service * | ||||||
| Yes | 13 | 10.7 | 13 | 7.4 | 0.673 (0.300–1.507) |
0.335 |
| No | 109 | 89.3 | 162 | 92.6 | ||
| Water supply | ||||||
| Well | 93 | 76.2 | 151 | 86.3 | 1.962 (1.077–3.573) |
0.028 |
| Spring | 29 | 23.8 | 24 | 13.7 | ||
| Water treatment (filtered/boiled) | ||||||
| Yes | 95 | 77.9 | 137 | 78.3 | 1.025 (0.586–1.791) |
0.932 |
| No | 27 | 22.1 | 38 | 21.7 | ||
| Waste disposal * | ||||||
| Public waste collection | 5 | 4.1 | 9 | 5.3 | 1.3 (0.425–3.979) |
0.646 |
| Burning/“open-air garbage dump”/Burying | 117 | 95.9 | 162 | 94.7 | ||
| Gas stove | ||||||
| Yes | 113 | 92.6 | 162 | 92.6 | 0.993 (0.410–2.400) |
0.987 |
| No | 9 | 7.4 | 13 | 7.4 | ||
1 Excess weight = overweight + obese; 2 reference of elderly (adults ≥ 20 years and <59 years; elderly ≥ 60 years); 3 established minimum wage BRL 1045.00; * different answers n = 297. OR = odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; ǂ binary logistic regression.