| ρ | fluid density (kg m−3) |
| u | fluid velocity (m s−1) |
| P | pressure (kgw m−2) |
| g | acceleration of gravity (=9.8 m s−2) |
| μ | fluid viscosity (kg m−1 s−1) |
| c | contaminant concentration (m−3) |
| D | coefficient of diffusion (m2 s−1) |
| R | reaction rate (m−3 s−1) |
| N | mass flux (m−2 s−1) |
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