Table 1.
Results from MR studies involving traditional stroke risk factors.
| Exposure | AIS | LAS | CES | SVS | References | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SBP | [37,38] | |||||||
| DBP | [37,38] | |||||||
| Mean Arterial Pressure | (≤55 y) | [39] | ||||||
| (>55 y) | [39] | |||||||
| Pulse Pressure | (≤55 y) | [39] | ||||||
| (>55 y) | [39] | |||||||
| Atrial Fibrillation | [37] | |||||||
| - | - | - | [40] | |||||
| LDL-c | [41] | |||||||
| - | - | - | [42] | |||||
| [43] | ||||||||
| EAS | - | - | - | [44] | ||||
| AFR | - | - | - | [45] | ||||
| HDL-c | [41] | |||||||
| - | - | - | [42] | |||||
| AFR | - | - | - | [45] | ||||
| Lp(a) | [46,47] | |||||||
| T2DM | [48] | |||||||
| [49] | ||||||||
| - | - | [50] | ||||||
| EAS | [51] | |||||||
| AFR | - | - | - | [45] | ||||
| HbA1c | [49,52] | |||||||
| Insulin resistance | [49,53] | |||||||
| Fasting insulin | [48] | |||||||
| β-Cell dysfunction | [49] | |||||||
| Smoking | [54] | |||||||
| Smoking initiation | [55,56] | |||||||
| Lifetime smoking | [56,57] | |||||||
| General adiposity (BMI) | [48,57,58,59] | |||||||
| Central adiposity (WHR) | [57,58,59] | |||||||
| Childhood obesity | [60] | |||||||
| Physical activity | [57,61,62] | |||||||
| Sedentary behavior | - | - | - | [61,62] | ||||
| High risk (HR) | Low risk (LR) | no evidence | ||||||
| Inconsistent HR assoc. | Not studied | - | ||||||
AIS, all ischaemic stroke; LAS, large artery stroke; CES, cardioembolic stroke; SVS, small vessel stroke; EAS, East Asian population; AFR, African population; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Lp(a), lipoprotein (a); T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; HbA1c, Glycated hemoglobin; BMI, body mass index; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio.