Table 5.
Study and Year | A clearly stated Aim | Inclusion of Consecutive Patients | Prospective Collection of Data | Endpoints Appropriate to the Aim of the Study | Unbiased Assessment of the Study Endpoint | Follow-Up Period Appropriate to the Aim of the Study | Loss to Follow Up less than 5% | Prospective Calculation of the Study Size | An Adequate Control Group | Contemporary Groups | Baseline Equivalence of Groups | Adequate Statistical Analyses | Final Score |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Heinonen et al., 1997 [34] | ** | * | ** | ** | * | ** | ** | * | ** | * | ** | 18 | |
Valli et al., 2004 [35] | ** | ** | ** | * | ** | ** | * | ** | ** | ** | ** | 20 | |
Ban-Frangez et al., 2009 [29] | ** | ** | ** | ** | * | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | 19 | ||
Lin et al., 2009 [36] | ** | * | ** | * | * | ** | ** | ** | * | ** | ** | ** | 20 |
Pang et al., 2011 [37] | ** | ** | ** | ** | * | ** | ** | ** | ** | * | ** | 20 | |
Tonguc et al., 2011 [19] | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | * | ** | ** | ** | ** | 21 | |
Sugiura-Ogasawara et al., 2014 [38] | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | * | * | * | ** | ** | 17 | ||
Rikken et al., 2020 [39] | ** | * | ** | ** | * | ** | * | * | ** | ** | ** | 18 | |
Whelan et al., 2020 [40] | ** | * | * | ** | * | * | * | ** | * | ** | 13 |
Each item is scored as “missing” not reported, “*” reported but inadequate; “**” reported and adequate.