TABLE 1.
Demographics, comorbidities, and serum test results across groups.
| Control | T2DM | NPDR | PDR | P-value | Pa | Pb | Pc | Pd | Pe | Pf | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 64.07 ± 15.15 | 73.53 ± 7.54 | 70.47 ± 8.28 | 57.53 ± 9.05 | <0.001 | 0.082 | 0.209 | 0.028 | 0.965 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Mean ± SD | |||||||||||
| Gender, n (%) | |||||||||||
| Male | 7 (46.7) | 6 (40) | 9 (60) | 9 (60) | 0.615 | ||||||
| Female | 8 (53.3) | 9 (60) | 6 (40) | 6 (40) | |||||||
| BMI | 23.79 ± 3.26 | 23.90 ± 3.04 | 24.78 ± 3.90 | 24.65 ± 2.57 | 0.793 | 1.000 | 0.849 | 0.897 | 0.888 | 0.928 | 1.000 |
| Diabetes duration, y | 0 | 12.47 ± 2.94 | 16.67 ± 6.97 | 21.2 ± 6.10 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.113 | <0.001 | 0.076 |
| FPG (mm/L) | 5.39 ± 0.66 | 7.89 ± 0.94 | 7.96 ± 1.65 | 8.06 ± 2.75 | <0.001 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 1.000 | 0.994 | 0.999 |
| HbA1 (mm/L) | 5.13 ± 0.54 | 7.01 ± 0.67 | 7.21 ± 1.14 | 7.47 ± 0.93 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.925 | 0.501 | 0.861 |
| HDL-c (mm/L) | 1.35 ± 0.28 | 1.31 ± 0.22 | 1.24 ± 0.27 | 1.11 ± 0.17 | 0.057 | 0.965 | 0.625 | 0.051 | 0.884 | 0.145 | 0.483 |
| LDL-c (mm/L) | 2.95 ± 0.83 | 2.94 ± 0.98 | 3.06 ± 1.17 | 2.67 ± 0.74 | 0.724 | >1.000 | 0.992 | 0.849 | 0.987 | 0.870 | 0.691 |
| SCr (mm/L) | 79.56 ± 17.83 | 71.33 ± 15.88 | 77.27 ± 15.47 | 122.40 ± 79.39 | 0.0082 | 0.955 | 0.999 | 0.045 | 0.982 | 0.012 | 0.032 |
| TC (mm/L) | 4.84 ± 0.94 | 4.81 ± 1.19 | 4.86 ± 1.41 | 5.03 ± 1.50 | 0.977 | 0.975 | 0.989 | 0.999 | 1.000 | 0.994 | 0.999 |
| TG (mm/L) | 1.26 ± 0.79 | 1.45 ± 0.70 | 1.79 ± 1.14 | 2.38 ± 2.43 | 0.196 | 0.984 | 0.762 | 0.181 | 0.926 | 0.337 | 0.707 |
| BUN (mm/L) | 5.55 ± 1.47 | 5.01 ± 1.31 | 5.64 ± 1.5 | 9.64 ± 4.80 | <0.001 | 0.953 | 1.000 | 0.001 | 0.928 | <0.001 | 0.001 |
| HTN% | 60.0% | 66.7% | 60.0% | 73.3% | 0.848 | ||||||
For age, diabetes duration, FPG, HbA1c, HDL-c, LDL-c, SCr, TC, TG, and BUN, the mean and standard deviations are presented and comparisons were made by the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Gender and rates of comorbidities were compared by X2 test. HbA1c and creatinine levels were taken from the date closest to the date of the blood draw. BMI, body mass index; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; SCr, serum creatinine; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; HTN, hypertension. Pa, p-value of diabetic controls versus T2DM patients. Pb, p-value of diabetic controls versus NPDR patients. Pc, p-value of diabetic controls versus PDR patients. Pd, p-value of T2DM patients versus NPDR patients. Pe, p-value of T2DM patients versus PDR patients. Pf, p-value of NPDR patients versus PDR patients.