TABLE 2.
KEGG enrichment pathways altered in NPDR patients compared with T2DM patients.
| Pathway | Overlapping features | Pathway size | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Linoleic acid metabolism | 2 | 5 | 0.002 |
| d-Glutamine and d-glutamate metabolism | 1 | 6 | 0.038 |
| Nitrogen metabolism | 1 | 6 | 0.038 |
| Arginine biosynthesis | 1 | 14 | 0.204 |
| primary bile acid biosynthesis | 1 | 46 | 0.168 |
| Alpha-linolenic acid metabolism | 1 | 13 | 0.191 |
| Histidine metabolism | 1 | 16 | 0.230 |
With p-value ≤0.05, three metabolic pathways of linoleic acid (p = 0.0024), d-glutamine and d-glutamate (p = 0.0381), and nitrogen (p = 0.0381) were considered to be the significant KEGG enrichment pathways. Overlapping features represent the number of metabolites enriched in the pathway, while pathway size describes the total number of metabolites in each pathway.