Table 5.

Toxins produced by Hirsutella species.

Hirsutella Species	Toxin	Type of Toxin	Toxin Size/Yield	Activity	Reference
H. thompsonii strain JAB-04	Hirsutellin A	Dot-blot anti HtA	16.3 kDa/0.12 mg/mL	Insecticidal vs. Galleria mellonella	[37,38]
thompsonii	Hirsutellin A Hirsutellin B	Ribotoxin	130 amino-acids	Insecticidal vs. Galleria mellonella Insecticidal vs. Drosophila melanogaster	[39]
H. thompsonii strain HtM120I	Hirsutellin A	Dot-blot anti HtA	16 kDa (200–400 ng/mL)	Insecticidal vs. Tetranychus urticae	[40]
H. thompsonii	Culture exudates	Phomalactones?	Undetermined	Reduces eggs production in mites	[40]
H. rhossilensis	Hnsp	SAAPF-pNA protease activity & others	30 kDa	Nematicide	[41]
H. thompsonii	Hirsutellin A	W Blot NH2 terminal	16 kDa	Insecticidal vs. Aedes aegypti, Galleria mellonella	[42]
H. thompsonii	Hirsutellin A	Ribotoxin	130 aa	Unidentified	[43]
H. thompsonii	Hirsutellin A	Dot-blot anti HtA	481–936 ng/mL	Insecticidal vs. Galleria mellonella	[44]
H. nivea strain BCC2594	Hirsutellones A, B, C and D	Alkaloids	29.9, 1696, 22.6 and 15.7 mg/L	Antibacterial against Mycobacterium tuberculosis	[45]
Unidentified sp.	Exo-polysaccharide (EPS)	Mannose (man), galactose (gal), glucose (glc)	23 kDa	Gram (+) bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus tetragenus	[46]
H. beakdumountain	EPS	EPS 1 y 2: gal, glc, man EPS3: man, glc	EPS1 = 43 kDa EPS2 = 19.5 kDa EPS3 = 4.7 kDa	Potential to eliminate hydroxyl radicals	[47]
	Intracellular polysaccharide	IPS 1 y 2: gal, glc, man IPS 3: man, glc	IPS1 = 23.1 kDa IPS2 = 21.5 kDa IPS3 = 10.4 kDa	Potential to eliminate hydroxyl radicals	[47]
H. sinensis	EPS	Polysaccharides (65–70%) + protein (25%)	5 kDa–200 kDa	Antioxidant activity	[48]
H. satumaensis Aoki	Mucilage from aerial conidia	Protein content, oligo-saccharides + man	0.12 mg/mL	Insecticidal vs. Galleria mellonella Plutella xylostella	[30]
H. citriformis	Culture supernatant	Benzene and phthalic acid	Unidentified	Insecticidal activity	[49]