| AgNPs | silver nanoparticles |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate |
| CMC | carboxymethyl cellulose |
| DDT | dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane |
| DFT | density functional theory |
| DOX | Doxorubicin |
| EGFR | epidermal growth factor receptor |
| FAM | Carboxyfluorescein |
| FLG | few-layer graphene |
| GFP | green fluorescent protein |
| GO | graphene oxide |
| GOM | GO membrane |
| GPNs | graphene-based nanoparticles |
| GTP | guanosine triphosphate |
| HA | hyaluronic acid |
| hASCs | human adipose-derived stem cells |
| HEK293A | human embryonic kidney cells |
| HepG2 | hepatocellular carcinoma cells |
| hDPSCs | dental pulp stem cells |
| IC50 | half maximal inhibitory concentration |
| l-GO | large graphene oxide |
| LB | Luria-Bertani |
| Lys | lysozyme |
| MCF-7 | human breast cancer cell lines |
| MRI | magnetic resonance imaging |
| MS | melamine sponge |
| MSPE | magnetic solid-phase extraction |
| n-GO | negatively charged GO |
| N-GQDs | nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots |
| NMP | N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone |
| NR | natural rubber |
| p-GO | positively charged GO |
| PAHs | polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons |
| PBS | phosphate-buffered saline |
| PCB 28 | 2,4,4′-trichlorobiphenyl |
| PCBs | polychlorinated biphenyls |
| PEF | porcine skin fibroblasts |
| PEG | polyethylene glycol |
| PEI | polyethylenimine |
| PET | polyethylene terephthalate |
| PHGOM | planar heterogeneous graphene oxide membrane |
| PVK | poly(vinyl-N-carbazole) |
| PSU | polysulfone |
| rGO | reduced graphene oxide |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| s-GO | small graphene oxide |
| siRNA | small interference RNA |
| ssDNA | single-stranded DNA |
| TA | tannic acid |