Figure 1.

The general regulatory signaling and related inhibitors associated with breast cancer. The mechanisms through various receptors such as EGFR, HER2, VEGFR, TGFβR, and IGF1-R are closely associated with breast cancer initiation, growth, and metastasis. In addition, epigenetic changes also induce aggressive properties of breast cancer to induce metastasis. Therefore, these complex mechanisms can be a target for metastatic breast cancer treatment, and small molecular inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies that inhibit these mechanisms have been developed.