Figure 1.

RNA-binding proteins regulate RNA fate. RBPs are involved in all stages of RNA processing including transcription, translation, splicing, transport, degradation, and silencing. These processes are depicted in the above diagram. RNA targets are bound by RBPs prior to leaving the nucleus and remain associated with RBPs until they are degraded. (1) RBPs such as Rbfox1 and Qki serve as alternative splicing factors to ensure cells have the correct genetic profile. (2) Shuttling of RNA between the nucleus and cytoplasm is also mediated by RBPs, as observed with CELF2. (3) RNA can also be transported to subcellular locations, and this is often conducted through a complex consisting of molecular motors and RBPs, as observed with ZBP1. (4) RBPs also interact with silencing factors such as miRNA to degrade certain targets. The RBP Pumilio facilitates miRNA binding by exposing binding sites that would otherwise be inaccessible. (5) RBPs also promote post-transcriptional processes. For example, Imp binds targets to stabilize mRNA and promote translation. (6) Some RBPs, such as Stau1, promote degradation of certain RNA targets to promote stem cell identity.