Table 1.

Conserved RNA-binding proteins. Table showing RBPs conserved in Drosophila melanogaster (Dmel), humans (Hs), Caenorhabditis elegans (Ce), and Dario rerio (ZF). Resident tissue, function, binding domains, and associated references for each RBP are also listed.

Protein Name	Tissue/Function	Binding Domain	Ref.
Dmel: IGF-II mRNA-binding protein (Imp) Hs: insulin-like growth factor 1/2/3 mRNA-binding protein (IGF2BP1/2/3) Ce: zipcode-binding protein 1 (ZBP1) ZF: insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein (IGF2BP3)	regulates stability, translation, transport of targets, axonal transport represses translation (IGF2BP2/3), 5′ UTR-binding (IGF2BP2), regulates cellular metabolism, interaction with miRNA, mRNA, lncRNA, germ cell maintenance translational repressor, 3′ UTR-binding embryonic and germline development, primordial germ cell migration, maternal mRNA stability	(4) KH domains, prion-like domain (PLD) KH domain, (2) n-terminal RRMs (4) c-terminal human heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNPs) (2) RNA-recognition motifs (RRM), (4) KH domains (2) RRMs, (4) KH domains	[41] [43,44,45,46,47] [48,49] [50,51]
Dmel: Syncrip (Syp) Hs: hnRNPQ/Syncrip Ce: HRP-2 ZF: synaptotagmin, cytoplasmic RNA-interacting protein (Syncrip)	mRNA regulation in neuromuscular junction, oocyte structure, neuronal fate in mushroom body neuronal RNA transport granules, translation, miRNA target regulation nucleic acid binding, embryogenesis, oogenesis, alternative splicing mRNA 5′ UTR-binding, synaptosomes, regulation of RNA translation	(3) RRMs, n-terminal unit for RNA recognition (NURR), NURR, arginine-glycine rich region (RGG), RRMs (3) RRMs (3) RRMs	[52,53] [54,55] [56,57,58,59] [54,60,61,62]
Dmel: embryonic lethal abnormal vision (ELAV) Hs: ELAV-like protein 4 (ELAVl4) Ce: EXC-7 ZF: ELAV-like RNA-binding protein 3 (ELAVl3)	alternative splicing, synapse formation, axon guidance, 3′ UTR extension binds AU-rich elements, 3′ UTR, translation, neuronal development, synaptic plasticity development of excretory canals, synaptic transmission, splicing, stability neurons, pan-neural marker, regulates alternative splicing, neuronal differentiation	(3) RRMs (3) RRMs (3) RRMs (3) RRMs	[63,64,65] [66,67] [68,69,70] [71,72,73]
Dmel: Staufen Hs: double-stranded RNA-binding protein Staufen homolog 1 (Stau1/2) Ce: Stau1 ZF: Stau1/2	enhanced translation, mRNA localization, cell fate, 3′ UTR-binding, ribonucleoprotein particles neuronal RNA transport (Stau2), mRNA decay (Stau1), memory formation, translation, 3′ UTR-binding (Stau1), double-stranded RNA-binding, germ cell development, miRNA interaction, elevated brain expression, primordial germ cells maintenance	(5) dsRNA binding domains (dsRBD), (1) proline-rich domain dsRBD (3′ UTR), microtubule binding, (1) proline-rich domain (1) proline-rich domain, (5) dsRBDs, (5) dsRBDs	[74,75,76,77,78,79] [80,81,82,83,84] [85,86] [87,88]
Dmel: Musashi1 (msi) Hs: Musashi1/2 (Msi1/2) Ce: Msi1 ZF: Musashib/Musashi2b (Msib/Msi2b)	adult external sensory organ development, asymmetric cell division (ACD), stem cell identity, translation, 3′ UTR-binding, sensory organ precursor cell ACD metabolism, stem cell self-renewal, cell cyle progression, binds 3′ UTR of mRNA, elevated in cancer cells (Msi1) Memory, learning, serotonergic signaling, 3′ UTR-binding, male mating behavior Expressed in neural tissue and progenitor cells, regulates cell proliferation and survival (Msi2b)	(2) RRMs (2) RRMs (2) RRMs (2) RRMs	[89,90,91,92,93] [90,94,95,96,97,98] [98,99,100,101] [102,103]
Dmel: Rox8 Hs: T-cell intracellular antigen-1-related protein (TIAR) Ce: TIAR1/2 ZF: TIA1 cytotoxic granule-associated RNA-binding protein-like 1	Expression of X-linked genes, alternative splicing, Yki mRNA decay, 3′ UTR-binding Translational silencing, primordial germ cell development Germ cell apoptosis, fertility, embryonic development, stress granule protein, inhibition of axon regeneration (TIAR2), RNA- and DNA-binding, stress granule component	(3) RRMs (3) RRMs (3) RRMs (3) RRMs	[104,105,106,107] [108,109,110,111,112,113] [114] [115]
Dmel: LIN28 Hs: LIN28A/B Ce: LIN28 ZF: LIN28A/B	symmetric stem cell division, cell growth, oogenesis, muscle formation, differentiation translational enhancer, inhibit miRNA expression, stem cell self-renewal cell proliferation, differentiation, pluripotency retina regeneration, early development	cold-shock domain, CCHS zinc-finger domains cold-shock domain, CCHC zinc-finger domains cold-shock domain cold-shock domain	[116,117,118] [119,120] [121,122,123] [124,125]