Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the participants.
| Characteristics | Total (n = 127,031) |
Incident T2DM | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (n = 8298) |
No (n = 118,733) |
|||
| Age, mean (SD), years | 71.94 (5.10) | 72.39 (5.31) | 71.91 (5.08) | <0.001 |
| Gender, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Men | 56,774 (44.69) | 4114 (7.25) | 52,660 (92.75) | |
| Women | 70,257 (55.31) | 4184 (5.96) | 66,073 (94.04) | |
| Education, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Elementary school and below | 75,828 (59.69) | 5597 (7.38) | 70,231 (92.62) | |
| Junior high school | 28,298 (22.28) | 1522 (5.38) | 26,776 (94.62) | |
| Technical secondary school or high school | 13,742 (10.82) | 695 (5.06) | 13,047 (94.94) | |
| Junior college and above | 9163 (7.21) | 484 (5.28) | 8679 (94.72) | |
| Marital status, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Married | 98,131 (77.25) | 6046 (6.16) | 92,085 (93.84) | |
| Divorced | 656 (0.52) | 48 (7.32) | 608 (92.68) | |
| Widowed | 27,350 (21.53) | 2082 (7.61) | 25,268 (92.39) | |
| Single | 894 (0.70) | 122 (13.65) | 772 (86.35) | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 56,847 (44.75) | 4347 (7.65) | 52,500 (92.35) | |
| No | 70,184 (55.25) | 3951 (5.63) | 66,233 (94.37) | |
| Myocardial infarction, n (%) | 0.621 | |||
| Yes | 686 (0.54) | 48 (7.00) | 638 (93.00) | |
| No | 126,345 (99.46) | 8250 (6.53) | 118,095 (93.47) | |
| Coronary heart disease, n (%) | 0.413 | |||
| Yes | 7471 (5.88) | 505 (6.76) | 6966 (93.24) | |
| No | 119,560 (94.12) | 7793 (6.52) | 111,767 (93.48) | |
| Angina pectoris, n (%) | 0.711 | |||
| Yes | 506 (0.40) | 31 (6.13) | 475 (93.87) | |
| No | 126,525 (99.60) | 8267 (6.53) | 118,258 (93.47) | |
| Fatty liver, n (%) | 0.020 | |||
| Yes | 2279 (1.79) | 176 (7.72) | 2103 (92.28) | |
| No | 124,752 (98.21) | 8122 (6.51) | 116,630 (93.49) | |
| Exercise, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 74,741 (58.84) | 4323 (5.78) | 70,418 (94.22) | |
| No | 52,290 (41.16) | 3975 (7.60) | 48,315 (92.40) | |
| Current smoking, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 20,498 (16.14) | 1515 (7.39) | 18,983 (92.61) | |
| No | 106,533 (83.86) | 6783 (6.37) | 99,750 (93.63) | |
| Current drinking, n (%) | 0.908 | |||
| Yes | 21,429 (16.87) | 1396 (6.51) | 20,033 (93.49) | |
| No | 105,602 (83.13) | 6902 (6.54) | 98,700 (93.46) | |
| BMI, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 23.70 (3.26) | 24.47 (3.51) | 23.65 (3.24) | <0.001 |
| WC, mean (SD), cm | 84.12 (9.16) | 86.30 (9.62) | 83.97 (9.10) | <0.001 |
| SBP, mean (SD), mm Hg | 137.12 (20.00) | 140.63 (20.38) | 136.87 (19.95) | <0.001 |
| DBP, mean (SD), mm Hg | 80.09 (11.20) | 81.63 (11.42) | 79.99 (11.18) | <0.001 |
| FPG, mean (SD), mmol/L | 5.12 (0.69) | 5.71 (0.79) | 5.08 (0.66) | <0.001 |
| TC, median (IQR), mmol/L | 4.81 (4.20–5.45) | 4.84 (4.20–5.49) | 4.81 (4.20–5.44) | 0.034 |
| TG, median (IQR), mmol/L | 1.17 (0.85–1.63) | 1.28 (0.90–1.79) | 1.16 (0.85–1.62) | <0.001 |
| HDL-C, median (IQR), mmol/L | 1.36 (1.15–1.62) | 1.32 (1.11–1.58) | 1.37 (1.15–1.62) | <0.001 |
| LDL-C, median (IQR), mmol/L | 2.60 (2.08–3.17) | 2.64 (2.11–3.24) | 2.60 (2.07–3.16) | <0.001 |
| ALT, median (IQR), U/L | 16.00 (12.00–21.00) | 17.00 (13.00–23.00) | 16.00 (12.00–20.90) | <0.001 |
| AST, median (IQR), U/L | 21.50 (18.00–26.00) | 22.00 (18.00–26.00) | 21.50 (18.00–26.00) | 0.004 |
| TBIL, median (IQR), µmol/L | 11.90 (9.17–15.30) | 12.40 (9.50–15.90) | 11.90 (9.10–15.30) | <0.001 |
| Scr, mean (SD), µmol/L | 76.82 (19.93) | 79.21 (20.94) | 76.66 (19.85) | <0.001 |
| BUN, median (IQR), mmol/L | 5.71 (4.76–6.82) | 5.67 (4.70–6.80) | 5.71 (4.77–6.83) | 0.037 |
| SUA, mean (SD), µmol/L | 323.80 (91.90) | 333.01 (94.31) | 323.15 (91.70) | <0.001 |
SD, standard deviation; IQR: Q1–Q3 values; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FBG, fasting plasma glucose; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate transaminase; TBIL, total bilirubin; Scr, serum creatinine; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; SUA, serum uric acid.