Table 1.
Epidemiology of Sporotrichosis in North America.
| Region | Country | City | Number of Reported Cases | Vulnerable Population | Diagnostic Method | Type of Sporotrichosis | Etiological Agents (%) |
References | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | Age (Years) | Taxonomy | ||||||||
| Before 2017 | After 2017 | |||||||||
| North America | Canada | Ontario | 1 | Male | 44 | PCR sequencing (ITS region) | Disseminated | S. schenckii | S. schenckii | [5] |
| Toronto | 1 | Male | 78 | Fungal culture, Biopsy (Histopathology) |
Lymphocutaneous | S. schenckii complex | Sporothrix spp. | [6] | ||
| USA | California | 1 | Female | 7 | Fungal culture Biopsy (Histopathology) |
Lymphocutaneous | S. schenckii | Sporothrix spp. | [7] | |
| Minnesota | 1 | Male | 61 | Fungal culture | Disseminated | S. schenckii | Sporothrix spp. | [8] | ||
| ND | 1 | Female | 87 | Fungal culture | Lymphocutaneous on the eyelid | S. schenckii | Sporothrix spp. | [9] | ||
| Pennsylvania | 1 | Male | 67 | Fungal culture Biopsy (Histopathology) |
Lymphocutaneous | S. schenckii | Sporothrix spp. | [10] | ||
| Texas | 1 | Male | 34 | Fungal culture Biopsy (Histopathology) |
Disseminated | Sporothrix spp. | Sporothrix spp. | [11] | ||
| Texas | 1 | Male | 9 | Fungal culture Biopsy (Histopathology) |
Lymphocutaneous on the eyelid | S. schenckii | Sporothrix spp. | [12] | ||
| California | 1 | Female | 41 | Fungal culture | Lymphocutaneous | S. schenckii | Sporothrix spp. | [13] | ||
| Oregon | 1 | Male | 53 | Fungal culture | Disseminated | Sporothrix spp. | Sporothrix spp. | [14] | ||
| Oklahoma | 1 | Male | 66 | Latex agglutination test | Disseminated | S. schenckii | Sporothrix spp. | [15] | ||
| Florida | 1 | Male | 33 month-Old | Fungal culture Biopsy (Histopathology) |
Atypical lymphadenitis | S. schenckii | Sporothrix spp. | [16] | ||
| Minnesota | 1 | Male | 49 | Fungal culture | Pulmonary sporotrichosis | Sporothrix spp. | Sporothrix spp. | [17] | ||
| Arizona | 1 | Male | 56 | Fungal culture | Lymphocutaneous and disseminated (10 months later) | S. schenckii | Sporothrix spp. | [18] | ||
| California | 1 | Male | 39 | Fungal culture | Sporothrical arthritis | S. schenckii | Sporothrix spp. | [19] | ||
| California | 1 | Male | 89 | Fungal culture Biopsy (Histopathology) |
Disseminated | S. schenckii | Sporothrix spp. | [20] | ||
| Michigan | 1 | Female | 57 | Fungal culture Biopsy (Histopathology) |
Lymphocutaneous | S. schenckii | Sporothrix spp. | [21] | ||
| California | 1 | Male | 34 | Latex agglutination test | Chronic meningitis | S. schenckii | Sporothrix spp. | [22] | ||
| Kansas | 1 | Male | 33 | Fungal culture MALDI-TOF |
Sporothrical arthritis | S. schenckii | Sporothrix schenckii | [23] | ||
| Oklahoma | 1 | Male | 44 | Fungal culture Biopsy (Histopathology) |
Pulmonary sporotrichosis | S. schenckii sensu lato | Sporothrix spp. | [24] | ||
| California | 1 | Male | 41 | Fungal culture | Sporothrical arthritis | S. schenckii | Sporothrix spp. | [25] | ||
| California | 1 | Female | 35 | Fungal culture | Disseminated | S. schenckii | Sporothrix spp. | [26] | ||
| Nebraska | 1 | Male | 62 | Fungal culture Biopsy (Histopathology) |
Disseminated | S. schenckii | Sporothrix spp. | [27] | ||
| Boston | 1 | Female | 35 | MALDI-TOF | Fixed cutaneous | S. schenckii | S. schenckii | [28] | ||
| Kansas | 1 | Male | 30 | Fungal culture Biopsy (Histopathology) |
Disseminated | S. schenckii | Sporothrix spp. | [29] | ||
| Florida | 1 | Male | 76 | History and physical examination | Lymphocutaneous | Sporothrix spp. | Sporothrix spp. | [30] | ||
| Oklahoma | 1 | Male | 23 | Fungal culture | Lymphocutaneous | S. schenckii complex | Sporothrix spp. | [31] | ||
| Washington | 1 | Female | 44 | Fungal culture PCR sequencing (ITS 1–2) |
Disseminated | S. schenckii | S. schenckii | [32] | ||
| Arizona | 1 | Female | 72 | PCR DNA sequencing | Laryngotracheal granulomatous disease | S. schenckii | S. schenckii | [33] | ||
| Mexico | Veracruz | 1 | Male | 39 | Fungal culture Biopsy (Histopathology) |
Atypical | S. schenckii | Sporothrix spp. | [34] | |
| Puebla | 1 | Male | 36 | Fungal culture Biopsy (Histopathology) |
Disseminated | S. schenckii | Sporothrix spp. | [35] | ||
| Oaxaca | 1 | Male | 13 | Fungal culture | Lymphocutaneous on the left hand, forearm, and upper arm | Sporothrix spp. | Sporothrix spp. | [36] | ||
| Mexico City | 1 | Male | 54 | Fungal culture Biopsy (Histopathology) |
Disseminated (Testicular involvement) | S. schenckii | Sporothrix spp. | [37] | ||
| Guerrero | 1 | Female | 36 | Fungal culture Biopsy (Histopathology) |
Disseminated | Sporothrix spp. | Sporothrix spp. | [38] | ||
| Durango | 1 | Male | 68 | Fungal culture Biopsy (Histopathology) |
Disseminated | Sporothrix spp. | Sporothrix spp. | [39] | ||
| ND | 24 | Male (16) Female (8) |
Average: 35.5 | PCR sequencing (calmodulin gene) | Cutaneous disseminated 16 (66.7%) Cutaneous disseminated + Mucosal 3 (12.5%) Joint 1 (4.1%) Visceral 1 (4.1%) Fungaemia 1 (4.1%) Mucosal + Visceral + Fungemia: 1 (4.1%) Visceral + Fungaemia 1 (4.1%) |
S. schenckii 23 (95.5%). S. globosa 1 (4.5%) |
S. schenckii 23 (95.5%). S. globosa 1 (4.5%) |
[40] | ||
| ND | 55 | Male (34) ND Female (18) |
Sporotrichin Skin Test Fungal culture |
Lymphocutaneous 32 (58.2%) Fixed cutaneous 19 (34.5%) Disseminated 4 (7.3%) |
S. schenckii 54 (98%) S. globosa 1 (2%) |
S. schenckii 54 (98%) S. globosa 1 (2%) |
[41] | |||
| Guerrero | 73 | Male (33) Female (40) |
Average: 25.8 | Fungal culture Biopsy (Histopathology) |
Lymphocutaneous: 41 (56.16%) Fixed cutaneous 24 (32.87%) Disseminated 8 (10.95%) |
S. schenckii | S. schenckii | [42] | ||
| Chihuahua | 1 | Female | 84 | Multiplex PCR (Calmodulin gene) | Fixed cutaneous (Auricular sporotrichosis) | S. schenckii (sensu stricto) | S. schenckii | [43] | ||
| Baja California | 1 | Male | 23 | Fungal culture Biopsy (Histopathology) |
Lymphocutaneous | S. schenckii | Sporothrix spp. | [44] | ||
| San Luis Potosi 8 Puebla 3 Mexico City 2 Queretaro 2 Guanajuato 2 Jalisco 1 Zacatecas 1 Michoacan 1 Morelos 1 State of Mexico 1 |
22 | ND | PCR sequencing (Calmodulin and calcium-calmodulin-dependent kinase genes) | Lymphocutaneous: 17 (77.3%) Fixed cutaneous 4 (18.2%) Disseminated 1 (4.5%) |
S. schenckii: 18 (81.8%) S. globosa 4 (18.2%) |
S. schenckii: 18 (81.8%) S. globosa 4 (18.2%) |
[45] | |||
| Puebla 4 Nuevo Leon 2 Oaxaca 6 Mexico City 3 Jalisco 2 |
17 | ND | PCR sequencing (Calmodulin gene) | Lymphocutaneous: 16 (94.11%) Disseminated: 1 (5.88%) |
S. schenckii: 16 (94.11%) S. globosa 1 (5.88%) |
S. schenckii: 16 (94.11%) S. globosa 1 (5.88%) |
[46] | |||
| Guerrero | 76 | Male (35) Female (41) |
<18: 37 >18: 39 |
Fungal culture Biopsy (Histopathology) |
Lymphocutaneous 43 (56.8%) Fixed cutaneous 24 (32.3%) Disseminated 8 (11%) |
Sporothrix spp. | Sporothrix spp. | [47] | ||
| Jalisco 1057 Nayarit 23 Zacatecas 20 Michoacan 19 Guanajuato 12 Veracruz 1 Chihuahua 1 |
1134 | Male (669) Female (465) |
ND | Lymphocutaneous: 782 (69%) Fixed cutaneous: 308 (27.2%) Disseminated 44 (38.8%) |
S. schenckii complex | Sporothrix spp. | [48] | |||
| ND | 1 | Male | 45 | PCR sequencing (Calmodulin gene) | Disseminated | S. schenckii complex | S. schenckii | [49] | ||
| ND | 1 | Male | 56 | Fungal Culture Biopsy (Histopathology) PCR sequencing (ITS and calmodulin gene) |
Fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis |
S. mexicana | S. mexicana | [50] | ||
| ND | 18 | Male (10) Female (8) |
ND | PCR sequencing (ITS regions) | Lymphocutaneous 13 (72.2%) Fixed cutaneous 5 (27.8%) |
S. schenckii 17 (94.4%) S. globosa: 1 (5.6%) |
S. schenckii 17 (94.4%) S. globosa: 1 (5.6%) |
[51] | ||
| Oaxaca | 2 | Male | 61 | Multiplex PCR (Calmodulin gene) | Fixed cutaneous 1 (50%) Disseminated 1 (50%) |
S. schenckii sensu stricto | S. schenckii | [52] | ||
| Male | 21 | |||||||||
ND: Not Determined.