Table 3.
Changed metabolites in psoriasis (Ps). Biomarker category highlighted in bold: Corresponding metabolites listed in column “Results”.
| Reference | Matrix | Instruments | Disease Activity and/or Severity |
Patients Treated? |
Biomarker Categories * |
Results | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chen 2021 [31] | Plasma | UHPLC–qTOF-MS | PASI (10.11) | No | D, M | ↑ | EAAs, BCAAs, carnitines (C6, C18:1-OH) |
| ↓ | glutamine, cysteine, asparagine, carnitines (C16) | ||||||
| Kishikawa 2021 [71] | Plasma | CE–TOF-MS LC–TOF-MS |
PASI (1.8) | Yes (mixed) |
D | ↑ | ethanolamine phosphate |
| ↓ | nicotinic acid, 20α-hydroxyprogesterone | ||||||
| Li 2019 [75] | Plasma | UPLC–Q-TOF-MS | PASI (9.93) | No | D | ↑ | threonine, leucine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, palmitamide, linoleic amide, oleamide, stearamide, cis-11- eicosenamide, trans-13-docosenamide, uric acid, LysoPCs |
| ↓ | oleic acid, arachidonic acid, N-linoleoyl taurine | ||||||
| Sorokin 2018 [76] | Plasma | LC–MS | N/A | No | D | ↑ | 9-,13-HODE, laurylcarnitine, glycerol, adenosine 5′-diphosphate, 7-beta-hydroxycholesterol, xanthosine, N-stearoyltaurine, serotonine |
| ↓ | 5-oxoproline, gamma-glutamylglutamine, methionine, cysteine, taurodeoxychoalte | ||||||
| Kamleh 2015 [73] | Plasma | UHPLC–HRMS | Mixed: PASI mild (1.4), severe (16.5) |
Yes (mixed) | D, M | ↑ | several proteinogenic AA, citrulline, ornithine, hydroxyproline, cystine, taurine, cytidine, acetylglucosamine, GluCer (C16:0), S1P |
| ↓ | cystathionine | ||||||
| Li 2020 [79] | Serum | UHPLC–qTOF-MS | Mixed: PASI moderate to severe (>10) |
N/A | D | ↑ | PAF, LPCs, PI (18:0/16:2) |
| ↓ | cholestane-3,7,12,25-tetrol-3-glucuronide, PCs, LacCer (d18:1/12:0), phenylalanylphenylalanine | ||||||
| Ottas 2017 [48] | Serum | HPLC–MS (biocrates) | Mixed: PASI (1–34) | No | D, M | ↑ | urea, Glu, ornithine, Phe, methioninesulfoxide, several PCs, phytol, taurine, phytol, 1,11-undecanedicarboxylic acid, PE (20:4/0:0) |
| ↓ | acylcarnitines (C9, C7 DC, C12, C10.2, multiple ratios) | ||||||
| Kang 2017 [74] | Serum | GC–MS | PASI (11.4) | No (4 weeks before the study) | D, M | ↑ | several proteinogenic AA, lactic acid, urea |
| ↓ | crotonic acid, azelaic acid, ethanolamine, cholesterol | ||||||
| Armstrong 2014 [66] | Serum | GC–TOF-MS | PASI (9.7) | Yes | D | ↑ | α-ketoglutaric acid |
| ↓ | asparagine, glutamine | ||||||
| Pohla 2020 [77] | Skin | HPLC–MS (biocrates) | N/A | N/A | D | ↑ | AA, acylcarnitines, biogenic amines, LPCs, PCs, histamine, ADMA (Ps lesional skin) |
| ↓ | 2 metabolite ratios—citrulline to ornithine and ornithine to arginine (Ps lesional skin) | ||||||
| Sorokin 2018 [76] | Skin | LC–MS | N/A | No | D | ↑ | arachidonic acid metabolites (such as 8-, 12-, 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid), linoleic acid-derived lipid mediators, 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid |
* D, diagnostic; M, monitoring; Pre, predictive; Pro, prognostic; Re, response; Ri, risk; S, safety.