Table 5.

Simulation study.

		Joint Model-JM ${}_1$				JM with local independence-JM ${}_2$
Parameter	True	BIAS	SD	SE	CP	BIAS	SD	SE	CP
For longitudinal
α	1.850	−0.149	0.259	0.242	1.000	−0.144	0.254	0.239	1.000
β	1.300	0.089	0.078	0.080	0.990	0.085	0.077	0.079	0.990
${\tau }_z$	0.900	−0.087	0.037	0.038	0.970	0.089	0.039	0.084	0.970
For both processes
${\sigma }_{\mathrm{cov}}^2$	0.300	0.005	0.174	0.292	1.000	−0.008	0.172	0.141	1.000
${\sigma }_b^2$	0.800	−0.024	0.087	0.083	0.990	−0.044	0.085	0.075	0.990
ρ	0.300	−0.038	0.124	0.114	1.000	−0.030	0.113	0.115	1.000
For time-to-event
${\beta }_2$	1.000	−0.004	0.102	0.102	1.000	−0.005	0.103	0.106	1.000
${\tau }_t$	1.010	−0.010	0.103	0.196	0.990	−0.008	0.100	0.094	0.990
${\nu }_1$	0.900	0.101	0.095	0.185	0.990
${\nu }_2$	0.900	0.104	0.098	0.098	0.990

Note: Robustness check under model misspecification.