Table 2.

Patterns of COVID-19 and P. jirovecii colonization, coinfection, and superinfection.

Patterns	Case Classification	P. jirovecii Load (PCR)	Clinical Course	Radiographic Characteristics
Airway colonization	Blaize et al. [54] Alanio et al. [34]	<1000 copies/mL	Typical course of COVID-19	Similar to COVID-19 Grand-glass opacity
Superinfection	Gerber et al. [40] Gentile et al. [42] Cai et al. [43] Viceconte et al. [46] Peng et al. [48] Mouren et al. [49] Merchant EA et al. [53] Case 1 and 2 in our institution	>1000 copies/mL	Biphasic illness. The first phase is related to COVID-19, followed by clinical improvement. Subsequently, the second phase of respiratory illness (PJP) starts days or weeks later.	Similar to COVID-19 Diffuse, bilateral, interstitial infiltrates Grand-glass opacity Cysts, lobar infiltrates Solitary or multiple nodules
Coinfection	Menon et al. [35] Mang et al. [36] Coleman et al. [37] Bhat et al. [38] De Franceso et al. [39] Kronsten VT et al. [41] Broadhurst et al. [44] Jeican et al. [30] Rubiano et al. [45] Larzábal et al. [47] Anggraeni et al. [51] Cases 3 in our institution	>1000 copies/mL	Progressive disease and severe illness despite treatment for COVID-19. Admission to ICU and IMV may be required.	Similar to COVID-19 Grand-glass opacity Lobar or segmental infiltrates Cysts, nodules, effusion data