. 2022 Jun 15;12(6):975. doi: 10.3390/jpm12060975

Table 1.

Coenzyme Q10 Concentrations in Several Tissues from Parkinson’s Disease (PD) Patients and Healthy Controls (HC).

Tissue	Author, Year [Ref]	Parameter	PD N	PD Mean ± SD (Except % in *)	HC N	HC Mean ± SD	Difference in Means (95% C.I.), p
Serum/plasma	Jiménez-Jiménez et al., 2000 [9]	Total CoQ₁₀ (nmol/L)	33	1157 ± 344	31	1219 ± 424	62.00 (−130.39 to 254.39); 0.522
	Buhmann et al., 2004 [10]	Total CoQ₁₀ (nmol/L)	40	990 ± 620	24	530 ± 290	−460.00 (−729.67 to −190.32); 0.001
	Sohmiya et al., 2004 [11]	Total CoQ₁₀ (nmol/L)	36	613.3 ± 160	29	748.7 ± 224	135.40 (40.11 to 230.69); 0.006
	Bolner et al., 2006 [12]	Total CoQ₁₀ (nmol/L)	44	814.28 ± 750.57	21	1004.24 ± 772.58	189.96 (−211.60 to 591.52); 0.348
	Gorgone et al., 2012 [13]	Total CoQ₁₀ (nmol/L)	82	713.49 ± 187.64	60	871.01 ± 162.16	157.52 (97.95 to 217.09); <0.001
	Kasai et al. 2016 [14]	Total CoQ₁₀ (nmol/L)	20	740.8 ± 377.2	18	985.3 ± 939.4	244.50 (−217.59 to 706.59); 0.290
	Du et al., 2018 [15]	Total CoQ₁₀ (nmol/L)	30	1640.13 ± 419.80	30	1838.58 ± 481.41	198.45 (−34.98 to 431.88); 0.094
	TOTAL SERIES	Total CoQ₁₀ (nmol/L)	285	906.01 ± 531.19	213	1025.65 ± 592.90	Random-effects model p = 0.234
	Jiménez-Jiménez et al., 2000 [9]	Total CoQ₁₀/cholesterol	33	5.03 ± 1.50	31	5.30 ± 1.84	02.7 (−0.57 to 1.11); 0.521
	Kasai et al. 2016 [14]	Total CoQ₁₀/cholesterol	20	4.07 ± 1.84	18	5.92 ± 5.88	1.85 (−0.47 to 4.17); 0.115
	TOTAL SERIES	Total CoQ₁₀/cholesterol	53	4.67 ± 1.69	49	5.53 ± 3.80	Random-effects model p = 0.197
	Sohmiya et al., 2004 [11]	% Oxidized/total CoQ₁₀	36	4.7 ± 1.8	29	3.4 ± 0.9	−1.30 (−2.03 to −0.57); <0.001
	Gorgone et al., 2012 [13]	% Oxidized/total CoQ₁₀	82	5.5 ± 0.9	60	3.8 ± 0.9	−1.70 (−2.00 to −1.40); <0.001
	TOTAL SERIES	% Oxidized/total CoQ₁₀	118	5.26 ± 1.29	89	3.67 ± 0.9	Random-effects model p = 0.006
	Sohmiya et al., 2004 [11]	Oxidized CoQ₁₀ (nmol/L)	36	28.3 ± 10.5	29	24.7 ± 8.3	−3.60 (−8.38 to 1.18); 0.137
	Kasai et al. 2016 [14]	Oxidized CoQ₁₀ (nmol/L)	20	644.2 ± 382.4	18	900.2 ± 890.6	256.00 (−186.86 to 698.86); 0.249
	Sohmiya et al., 2004 [11]	Reduced CoQ₁₀ (nmol/L)	36	585 ± 155	29	724 ± 219	139.00 (46.17 to 231.83); 0.004
	Kasai et al. 2016 [14]	Reduced CoQ₁₀ (nmol/L)	20	96.6 ± 118.2	18	85.2 ± 66.6	−11.40 (−75.52 to 52.72); 0.721
Platelets	Götz et al., 2000 [16]	Total CoQ₁₀ (ng/10⁹ platelets)	20	80.6 ± 5.9	19	93.7 ± 5.1	13.10 (9.51 to 16.69); <0.001
	Götz et al., 2000 [16]	Reduced CoQ₁₀ (ng/10⁹ platelets)	20	10.3 ± 2.4	19	20.3 ± 3.2	10.00 (8.17 to 11.83); <0.001
	Götz et al., 2000 [16]	Oxidized CoQ₁₀ (ng/10⁹ platelets)	20	70.3 ± 4.8	19	73.5 ± 4.7	3.20 (0.07 to 6.33); 0.045
	Götz et al., 2000 [16]	Reduced/oxidizedCoQ₁₀	20	0.15 ± 0.04	19	0.32 ± 0.07	0.17 (0.13 to 0.21); <0.001
	Götz et al., 2000 [16]	Reduced/total CoQ₁₀	20	0.11 ± 0.02	19	0.21 ± 0.03	0.10 (0.08 to 0.12); <0.001
Lymphocytes	Mischley et al., 2012 [17] *	% of patients with CoQ₁₀ deficiency *	22	32–36%	88	8–9%	p = 0.0012–0.006 (according to authors data)
CSF	Isobe et al., 2007 [18]	Oxidized CoQ₁₀ (nmol/L)	20	5.2 ± 1.5	17	2.9 ± 1.3	−2.30 (−3.25 to −1.35); <0.001
	Isobe et al., 2007 [18]	Reduced CoQ₁₀ (nmol/L)	20	0.7 ± 0.6	17	0.8 ± 0.7	0.10 (−0.33 to 0.53); 0.643
	Isobe et al., 2007 [18]	Oxidized/total CoQ₁₀	20	0.803 ± 0.179	17	0.682 ± 0.204	−0.12 (−0.25 to 0.01); 0.063
	Compta et al., 2018 [19]	Total CoQ₁₀ (nmol/L)	15	54.39 ± 7.16	15	36.02 ± 7.20	−18.37 (−23.74 to −13.00); < 0.001
Brain
Striatum	Hargreaves et al. 2008 [20]	Total CoQ₁₀ (pmol/mg protein)	20	188.6 ± 51.4	20	214.3 ± 64.3	25.70 (−11.56 to 62.96); 0.171
Substantia nigra	Hargreaves et al. 2008 [20]	Total CoQ₁₀ (pmol/mg protein)	8	102.9 ± 42.9	8	120.0 ± 4.3	17.10 (−15.59 to 49.79); 0.281
Cerebellum cortex	Hargreaves et al. 2008 [20]	Total CoQ₁₀ (pmol/mg protein)	25	107.1 ± 34.3	25	124.3 ± 47.1	17.20 (−6.23 to 40.63); 0.147
	Schottlaender et al., 2016 [21]	Total CoQ₁₀ (pmol/mg protein)	7	262.47 ± 28.84	37	241.87 ± 57.70	−2.06 (−65.95 to 24.75); 0.365
	Barca et al., 2016 [22]	Total CoQ₁₀ (pmol/mg protein)	9	132.2 ± 8.47	12	113.1 ± 7.16	−19.10 (−26.24 to −11.96); <0.001
	TOTAL SERIES	Total CoQ₁₀ (pmol/mg protein)	41	139.14 ± 64.49	74	181.27 ± 78.20	Random-effects model p = 0.03358
Cerebral cortex	Hargreaves et al. 2008 [20]	Total CoQ₁₀ (pmol/mg protein)	13	128.6 ± 61.4	13	218.6 ± 55.7	90.00 (42.55 to 137.45); 0.0007
	Schottlaender et al., 2016 [21]	Total CoQ₁₀ (pmol/mg)	7	276.02 ± 71.37	37	259.39 ± 107.09	−16.63 (−102.09 to 68.84); 0.697
	TOTAL SERIES	Total CoQ₁₀ (pmol/mg)	20	180.20 ± 99.89	50	248.78 ± 97.53	Random-effects model p = 0.143
Skin fibroblasts	Del Hoyo et al., 2010 [23]	Total CoQ₁₀/CS	20	1.16 ± 0.33	19	0.97 ± 0.25	−0.19 (−0.38 to 0.00); 0.051
	Del Hoyo et al., 2010 [23]	Reduced CoQ₁₀/CS	20	0.41 ± 0.16	19	0.34 ± 0.11	−0.07 (−0.16 to 0.02); 0.122
	Del Hoyo et al., 2010 [23]	Oxidized CoQ₁₀/CS	20	0.75 ± 0.26	19	0.63 ± 0.23	−0.12 (−0.28 to 0.04); 0.136
	Del Hoyo et al., 2010 [23]	Total CoQ₁₀/mg protein	20	86.27 ± 29.07	19	71.86 ± 26.38	−14.41 (−32.45 to 3.63); 0.114
	Del Hoyo et al., 2010 [23]	Reduced CoQ₁₀/mg protein	20	24.50 ± 7.38	19	24.50 ± 7.38	0.00 (−4.79 to 4.79); 1.000
	Del Hoyo et al., 2010 [23]	Oxidized CoQ₁₀/mg protein	20	56.49 ± 25.20	19	47.31 ± 23.50	−9.18 (−25.01 to 6.65); 0.248
	Del Hoyo et al., 2010 [23]	Oxidized CoQ₁₀/Reduced CoQ₁₀	20	0.60 ± 0.27	19	0.62 ± 0.27	0.02 (−0.16 to 0.20); 0.818

* Expressed in % of patients with CoQ₁₀ defficiency.