Table 4.
Factors associated with receipt of opioid medication from multivariable logistic regression analysis – commercial database
| Factor | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | P |
|---|---|---|
| Presence of HZ complications (versus no complications) | ||
| PHN (versus no PHN) | 2.35 (2.28; 2.42) | <0.01 |
| Cutaneous complications | 0.95 (0.87; 1.05) | 0.34 |
| Neurological complications (excluding PHN) | 1.05 (0.84; 1.30) | 0.68 |
| Ophthalmic complications | 0.82 (0.77; 0.88) | <0.01 |
| Age on HZ index date (versus <50 years) | ||
| 50–54 years | 1.05 (1.01; 1.09) | 0.02 |
| 55–59 years | 1.06 (1.03; 1.10) | <0.01 |
| 60–64 years | 1.04 (1.00; 1.09) | 0.04 |
| Males (versus females) | 1.01 (0.98; 1.04) | 0.55 |
| Health plan type (versus health maintenance organization | ||
| Preferred provider organization | 1.06 (1.01; 1.10) | 0.01 |
| Point of service | 1.13 (1.06; 1.21) | <0.01 |
| Other | 1.06 (1.01; 1.12) | 0.02 |
| Geographic region (versus Northeast) | ||
| North Central | 1.46 (1.40; 1.53) | <0.01 |
| South | 1.71 (1.64; 1.78) | <0.01 |
| West | 1.57 (1.50; 1.65) | <0.01 |
| Year of HZ index date (versus 2014) | ||
| 2015 | 0.93 (0.90; 0.96) | <0.01 |
| 2016 | 0.83 (0.80; 0.86) | <0.01 |
| 2017 | 0.74 (0.70; 0.79) | <0.01 |
| CCI score (versus CCI score = 0) | ||
| CCI score 1 | 1.14 (1.10; 1.18) | <0.01 |
| CCI score 2 | 1.26 (1.19; 1.33) | <0.01 |
| CCI score 3 | 1.24 (1.14; 1.35) | <0.01 |
| CCI score ≥4 | 1.38 (1.28; 1.50) | <0.01 |
| Presence of immunocompromised status (versus no immunocompromised diagnosis) | 1.21 (1.15; 1.27) | <0.01 |
CCI: Charlson Comorbidity Index; CI: confidence interval; HZ: herpes zoster; P, P-value; PHN: postherpetic neuralgia.