Table 1.
The collected references of SA on heat tolerance in plants.
| SA | Heat Treatment | Plant Species | Main Responses | Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type of SA | SA Treatment | ||||
| 0–0.5 mM | 38 °C for 72 h | Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) | I, II, III | [12] | |
| 0–1.5 mM | T(max) ≥ 35 °C for 128 d | Rice (Oryza sativa L.) | I, II, III | [19] | |
| 100 µM | 38 °C for 24 h | Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) | I, II | [23] | |
| 1 mM | 40 °C for 24 h | Cucumis sativa L. | I, II, III, V | [26] | |
| 100 µM | 43 °C for 5 h | Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) | I, III, VII | [27] | |
| 0.01% | 15–35 °C for 60 d | wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) | I, II, III | [28] | |
| 1 mM | 42 °C for 36 h | Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) | I, II, III, V | [29] | |
| 0.5 mM | 40 °C for 6 h | Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) | I, II, III, Ethylene formation | [30] | |
| 100 µM | 45 °C for 3 h or 6 h | Grape plants (Vitis vinifera L.) | I, Plasma membrane H+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase | [31] | |
| 10 µM | 40 °C for 1 h | etr-1, nahG mutants | I, II | [32] | |
| 0–1 mM | 38 °C for 16 h | npr1 mutant, NahG plants, cpr5 mutants | I, V, VII, VI, PR genes | [33] | |
| 0–1 mM | 40 °C for 30 min | Lycopersicon esculentum L. | I, VII, Membrane permeability | [34] | |
| 1 mM | 41 °C for 2 h | Rice (Oryza sativa L.) | I, VII | [36] | |
| 100 µM | 45 °C for 3 h | Pea (Pisum sativum L.) | I, VI, Expression of PIP2-PLC+ | [37] | |
| 100 µM | 44 °C for 3 h | Grape plants (Vitis vinifera L.) | I, II, V, PM-Ca2+ATPase, V-Ca2+ ATPase | [40] | |
| Endogenous SA | 37 °C for 2 h | Pea (Pisum sativun L.) | I, II, VII, VI | [20] | |
| 45 °C for 1 h | Mustard (Sinapis alba L.) | I, II | [21] | ||
| 50 °C for 20 s | Melon (Cucumis melo L.) | I, Up-chitinase1 gene | [24] | ||
| 40 °C for o–48 h | Maize (Zea mays L.) | I, III, VII, VI, II, III, ABA, and IAA | [39] | ||
I, Growth; II, Antioxidant system; III, Photosynthesis; IV, SA-induced genes; V, Electrolyte leakage; VI, Endogenous free SA; VII, Heat shock proteins.